| Question | Answer |
| process of identifying reasonable speaking goals, determining the behaviors/skills needed to achieve each goal, & developing procedures for judging the success of each goal | skills training |
| method for managing trait anxiety that utilizes deep muscle relaxation & breathing, & visualization of speaking situations that gradually progress from low anxiety-high anxiety | systematic desensitization |
| you should center your energy around getting your __ __, instead of worrying about impressing your audience | meaning across |
| technique in which the mind is used to create a positive, vivid, and detailed mental image of accomplishment | positive imagery |
| you should always __ possible questions; preparing & practicing __ for them | anticipate; answers |
| will help you relax & ensure you are ready to perform at your best | warm-up exercises |
| step 3 of positive imagery/visualization, is do not __ __ to others | compare yourself |
| shift audience attention away from you | visual aids |
| even though our verbal message may be clear & well-organized, when we are nervous listeners are more likely to focus on __ visual & vocal cues | negative |
| any time you become anxious your body gets you ready for action by giving you a bog shot of | adrenaline |
| make your __ work to put you & your audience at ease | introduction |
| relaxes the speaker as well as the listener | humor |
| speakers with trait anxiety often write out speech in manuscript form, which actually | increases stress & anxiety, making you sound even more nervous |
| way you think and talk about yourself, in a positive or negative way | self talk |
| theory that communication apprehension is a genetically induced behavior that is basically unchangeable | communibiological paradigm |
| positive imagery, systematic desensitization, cognitive restructuring, and skills training are all | ways to manage trait anxiety |
| slows the heart rate & lowers tension, making us feel more in control | deep breathing |
| speakers who concentrate on the __ soon forget about being __ | listener; nervous |
| positive imagery is one of the few methods, for reducing anxiety, that you can use | without help of trained professional |
| La Vella Goodwin, recommends that you "practice your __ __ ahead of time" | recovery plans |
| assuming we are different from everyone else, because someone doesn't appear to be a certain way | perceived differences |
| visual aids make it almost impossible to __ what you want to say | forget |
| visual aids give you something to do with __ __ | your hands |
| words + vivid mental pictures + feelings = | confidence |
| 1989, sports psychologist, reported that 80-85% of top athletes used positive imagery as part of their training | Jim Loehr |
| knowing that you are __ __ will ease much of your anxiety | well prepared |
| positive imagery is also called | visualization/mental imagery |
| preparing & practiving, warming up, concentrating on message, planning intro that relaxes us/audience, using visual aids, and using positive imagery are all | ways to manage situational anxiety |
| our genetic makeup, experiences, and how we see current situation __ to cause anxiety | interact |
| __ or __, and its effect on you and others around you, is a start to managing anxiety | awareness; perception |
| trait anxiety is also referred to as | communication anxiety or apprehension |
| "I am relaxed and in control while giving speeches," is a(n) | good positive statement |
| imagery that is both seen and felt; can substantially affect brain waves, blood flow, heart rate, skin temp, gastric secretions, and immune response | vividly experienced imagery |
| Personal Report of Communication Apprehension questionnaire, which is used to determine your level of situational anxiety | McCroskey’s PRCA-24 |
| those who collectively, ,often feel they are different from other speakers, have history of negative speaking experiences, and consider themselves to have subordinate status to others often have | high trait anxiety |
| your own anxiety may be situational, trait, or | combination of both |
| you can make sure your listeners are following/understanding the organization and the points of your speech by following their | nonverbal reactions |
| allows you to eliminate the the unexpected from the speaking situation | practice |
| researchers have found that this is not only beneficial for managing trait anxiety, but helps control situational anxiety as well | visualization |
| in step 3 of positive imagery/visualization, your goal is to be the best speaker you can be; you are __ only with yourself | competing |
| neither age nor experience completely stops __ anxiety | situational |
| type of anxiety caused by factors present in specific situation (i.e., speaking before new audience or being graded/critiqued while speaking) | situational anxiety |
| studies found that speakers who used visualization exercises __ __ has less communication anxiety than speakers who did not use them or used some other anxiety-reduction method | even once |
| with __ __ __, you avoid using words have to, ought to, or need to; substitute with words like want to, like to, enjoy to, or choose to | positive self talk |
| step 1 of positive imagery/visualization, is develop the __ of positive self talk | habit |
| one of the first studies on positive imagery investigated its effects on | basketball players |
| widest possible combinations of methods is often most effective way to reduce | communication apprehension |
| taking control of __ and anxiety is much easier once you __ and take steps to manage it | nervousness; identify |
| method for managing trait anxiety that involves 1. identifying irrational self-talk producing speaker anxiety, 2. develop alternative coping statements to replace irrational thoughts, & 3. practicing using coping statements in stressful situations | cognitive restructuring |
| situational anxiety is often referred to as | state anxiety |
| internal anxiety individual brings to speaking situation (i.e., feelings of inadequacy when in group/fear of looking like fool in front of others) | trait anxiety |
| if we want people to believe us and enhance positive impressions when we speak, we need to manage our __ | anxiety |
| one key to overcoming situational anxiety is considering the symptoms as normal excitement necessary for __ communication | dynamic |
| step 2 of positive imagery/visualization, is to refocus negative __ __ into positive ones | mental pictures |
| when we are confident & our verbal, visual, & vocal signals are in __ we are more likely to be believed | harmony |
| situational anxiety is caused by __ or __ situations | new; different |
| reason speaker confidence creates a(n) __ __ is that when we speak we are communicating verbally, visually & vocally | positive impression |
