| Question | Answer |
| a localized accumulation of pus in a cavity formed by tissue disintegration | abcess |
| pertaining to a traumatic, pathologic, or physiologic phenomenon or process that has a short and relatively severe course | acute |
| surgical removal of infectious material surrounding the apex of a root | apical curettage |
| surgical removal of the apical portion of the tooth through a surgical opening made in the overlying bone and gingival tissues | apicoectomy |
| pertaining to disease symptoms that persist over a long time, as in periodontal disease | chronic |
| healthy tooth used as a standard to compare questionable teeth of similar size and structure during pulp vitality testing | control tooth |
| to remove or clean out the pulpal canal | debridement |
| a dentist who specializes in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the dental pulp and the periradicular tissues | endodontist |
| plastic type of filling material used in endodontics | gutta percha |
| surgical separation of a multirooted tooth through the furcation area | hemisection |
| placement of a medicament over a partially exposed pulp | indirect pulp cap |
| infectious condition in which the pulp is incapable of healing which would then require root canal therapy | irreversible pulpitis |
| not living, as in oral tissue and tooth structure | nonvital |
| process of filling a root canal | obturation |
| technique of examining the soft tissue with the examiner's hands or fingertips | palpation |
| examination technique that involves tapping on the incisal or occlusal surface of a tooth to assess vitality | percussion |
| making a hole, as in breaking through and extending beyond the apex of the root | perforation |
| an endodontist is a general dentist who has continued training for a minimum of | 3 years in the clinical skill and research of pulp therapy |
| the two sources of pulpal nerve damage are | physical irritation and trauma |
| physical irritation to the pulp is most often caused by | extensive decay that has moved into the pulp-carrying bateria |
| what happens when bacteria reach the nerves and blood vessels of a tooth | infection will result in abscess |
| most common signs and symptoms of pulpal damage include: | pain when occluding, pain during mastication,sensitivity to hot or cold beverages, noticeable faical swelling |
| the dentist performs the percussion test by | tapping on the incisal or collusal surface of the tooth in question with the end of the mouth mirror handle, which is held parallel to the long axis of the tooth |
| a thermal stimulus is never placed where | on a metallic restoration or the gingival tissue |
| when performing a termal sensitivity test application of extreme temperatures will result in what | abnormal response and possible damage to the tissues |
| when performing a cold test where is the ice applied | to the cervical area of the tooth |
| what will not respond to cold | a necrotic pulp |
| what is suspected when cold relieves the pain or if cold initiates severe,lingeraing pain | irreversible pulpitis |
| which test is generally the least useful of the vitality tests | heat |
| which films are required for the diagnosis and completion of endodontic treatment | initial radiograph,working length film,final instrumentation film, root canal completion film, recall films |
| what is an apex locator | is a supplemental technique that is used to facilitate identification of the apex of the root canal. Its a electronic device that attaches to the root canal file while inside of the root canal. |
| an inflammatory reaction to bacteria trapped in the periodontal sulcus | periodontal abcess |
| referring to the area of nerves, blood vessels, and tissues that surround the root of a tooth | periradicular |
| an inflammatory reaction to pulpal infection | periradicular abcess |
| a cyst that develops at or near the root of a necrotic tooth | periradicular cyst |
| application of dental material to a cavity preparation with an exposed or nearly exposed dental pulp | pulp cap |
| complete removal of vital pulp from a tooth | pulpectomy |
| inflammation of the dental pulp | pulpitis |
| removal of the coronal portion of a vital pulp from a tooth | pulpotomy |
| small restoration placed at the apex of a root | retrograde restoration |
| form of pulpal inflammation in which the pulp may be salvageable | reversible pulpitis |
| removal of one or more roots without removal of the crown of the tooth | root amputation |
| romoval of the dental pulp and filling of the canal with material | root canal therapy |
| the decrease of living cells within the pulp, causing fibrous tissue to take over the pulpal canal | pulp fibrosis |
| the paddle-shaped end of the ___dental instrument is designed for placement of temporary restorations, and the rod-shaped plugger at the opposite end is ideal for removal of excess gutta perca | Glick number 1 |
| what are hand files used for | cleaning and shaping of the pulpal canal |
| each file is color coded according to | size |
| which files provide the advantages of extreme flexibility, good strength, and longer working life though are more expensive | Ni -Ti |
| what has tiny fishhook-like projections along the shaft that are used to remove vital, inflamed hemorrhagic pulp tissue from the canal | a broach |
| which file has a twisted design and is used in initial debridement,and has a stiff feel that is very effective for straight canals | K type |
| which file provides greater cutting efficiency because of its design, can be used for final enlargement of the canal, has spiral edges so that cutting occurs only on the pulling stroke making the dentinal walls smooth and eaiser to fill | hedstrom file |
| which file is similar in design to the k-type file , cutting edges are farther apart and its functions are to remove dentin structure and to smooth and increase the size of the canal | reamer file |
| what is the small,color coded round piece of rubber silicone or plastic that is slid onto hand-operated files to prevent perforation of the apex | rubber stops |
| sterile absorbent pieces of paper rolled into long, narrow points, that are inserted into the canal to absorb the irrigating solution and to dry the canal | paper points |
| medicaments and dental materials used in endodontics include: | irrigation solutions, root canal filling materials and root canal sealers |
| what solutions can be used as irriagation solutions | sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, and parachlorophenol |
| what is the ratio of sodium hypochlorite to water when used as an irrigant | equal parts |
| what gauge of needle is used on the irrigation syringe | 27 |
| what is gutta percha | rubber material taken form the palaquium gutta tree |
| how can you tell in a radiograph that a patient has had a root canal | the root canal space is white ( radiopaque ) |
| what is a mixture of formaldehyde and cresol in a water glycerin base. It is used as a sealer for pulpotomy of deciduous teeth and as an intracanal medicament for permanent teeth during root canal therapy | formocresol |
| what type of isolation is standard of care when doing a root canal | use of a dental dam |
| during access preparation what kind of bur does the dentist use to create an opening in the coronal portion of the tooth | round |
| how is the estimated working length determined | by selecting a reference point on the tooth, usually the highest point on the incisal or occlusal surface |
