| Question | Answer |
| Describe the Bracycephalic skull: | Petrous pyramids project anteriorly & medially 54° from MSP (Football head/wide-side to side) (+7 of typical) |
| What are the 2 divisions of the Cranial bones? | The Calvaria (cap) & the Floor--4 bones each |
| What is the thickest part of the skull & found on what bone? | The Petrous Ridges on the Temporal Bone |
| What are the 3 regions of the Floor of the Skull? How are they divided? | ANTERIOR Cranial Fossa--Frontal/L. wing Sphenoid MID Cranial Fossa--L. Wings Sphenoid to Apices of Petrous Ridges POSTERIOR Cranial Fossa--Deep depression posterior to petrous ridges thru occipital bone |
| Define Lacrima: | Tear |
| Describe the Middle Cranial Fossa & what it contains: | Extends from the lesser wings of the sphenoid to the apices of the petrous ridges/pyramids (part of temporal bone).
It houses the temporal lobes (lots of foramen, cortex, pituatary gland) |
| What are the classifications of sutures? | Structural=Fibrous (immoveable)
Functional=Synarthroidal |
| What are the 2 divisions of the skull?
How many bones each/total | Cranial bones (8) & Facial bones (14)
Total= 22 |
| What is morphology? | 1.The study of the forms of things, in particular.
2.The branch of biology that deals with the form of living organisms, and with relationships between their structures. |
| What are the names of the sutural junctions before closure (when they are still Fontanels)? | Anterior (Bregma)
Posterior (Lambda)
2 Mastoid (Asterion)
2 Sphenoidal (Pterion) |
| What are the 2 purposes of the Facial bones? | 1. To provide structure, shape, & support for the face. 2. Form protective housing for upper ends of Respiratory & Digestive tracts. |
| What is Craniostosis ("Cloverleaf")? | When sutures prematurely go away. It inhibits brain growth--may need surgery to re-open. Can cause Microcephalus |
| At what age range is the skull developing? | age 1-5 |
| Name the 4 Floor Cranial bones: | Ethmoid; Sphenoid; R. & L. Temporal |
| What bones comprise our cheek bones? | The R. & L. Zygomatic bones (Lateral to the Maxilla & part of the lateral orbit; has 3 processes) |
| What are Fontanels?
How many? | Areas of incomplete ossification in Infant skulls (soft spots).
6 Total at the suture junctions |
| Where are the Palantine bones located? | Just anterior to the soft palate ("L" shaped) |
| Describe the Anterior Cranial Fossa & what it contains: | Extends from the anterior frontal bone to the lesser wings of the sphenoid.
Houses the frontal lobes of cerebrum |
| Describe the Dolichocephalic skull: | Petrous pyramids project anteriorly & medially 40° from MSP. (-7 of typical) (Long from front to back; Narrow side/side; deep from vertex (crown) to base (inf. surface). |
| At what age is Adult cranial size usually reached? | 12 years old |
| What are the 5 main sutures of the skull? | CORONAL--between frontal/parietal bones; SAGITTAL--top of head between 2 parietal bones; 2 SQUAMOSAL--between temporal/parietal bones R/L; LAMDOIDAL--between occipital/parietal bones |
| Name the 4 Calvaria Cranial bones: | Frontal; Occipital; R. & L. Parietal |
| What are sutures? | Joints that connect the cranial & facial bones |
| What does it mean if an infant's fontanels are sunken in? | Dehydration or drop in BP |
| What are the 6 Sutural Junctions? | BREGMA--coronal/sagittal suture junction; LAMBDA--sagittal/lambdoidal; 2 PTERION--Anterior junction of the squamosal,parietal, & sphenoid; 2 ASTERION--Posterior junction of Squamosal: occipital, parietal, mastoid portion of temporal bone |
| Which skull suture is a pair? | Squamosal |
| What is Microcephalus? | Small head--can be caused by craniostosis. |
| What are the purpose of the nasal conchae?
Are they considered Facial or Cranial bones? | The nasal conchae warm/cool the air--look like scrolls
The Inferior Nasal Conchae are considered facial bones (while the Mid & Superior are considered Cranial--part of Spheniod bone) |
| Which 2 sutural junctions are pairs? | The Pterion (anterior) & the Asterion (posterior). |
| What is Macrocephalus? | Big head. Can also have Hydrocephalus (water). |
| What are the articulations of the Vomer? | Meets with the Maxilla in the front & the Ethmoid Perpendicular Plate in the back |
| When discussing a bone, what does sagittal refer to? | Flat part of bone |
| What is Acephalus? | No Skull |
| Define Aveoli: | Tooth socket (or air sac in lung) |
| Describe the Posterior Cranial Fossa & what it contains: | A deep depression posterior to the petrous ridges.
It protects the cerebellum, pons, & medulla oblongata (where spinal cord passes). |
| Name the 14 Facial Bones: | 2 MAXILLA--front of roof of mouth R/L 1 MANDIBLE 2 ZYGOMATIC R/L 2 PALANTINE--L shaped in back roof of mouth R/L 1 VOMER-inf port. of nasal septum 2 INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE R/L 2 LACRIMAL R/L 2 NASAL BONES |
| What bones make up the majority of the hard pallate? | The 2 Maxilla bones |
| Do the 2 Nasal bones articulate with the Lacrimal bones? | No. They articulate with each other, a strip of maxilla, & the frontal bone |
| What are the 3 temporary sutures in infants visible on radiographs? | Metopic--extends vertically along midline of frontal bone; 2 Mendosal--pass obliquely upward on the back of the occipital bone |
| What is Hydrocephalus? | Water in the head. |
| What is the composition of the Calvarium Bones: | Diploe--inner spongy/cancelleous layer separating 2 outer plates of compact cortical bone
Has Meningeal Grooves (narrow branchlike grooves which cover the internal surface of the bones (=sm grooves)
Sulci-larger channels which lodge blood vessels(large |
| Describe the typical skull & what it is called: | Mesocephalic:
Petrous Pyramids project anteriorly & medially 47° from MSP
(Petrous pyramids=thickest portion of skull --on temporal bone) |
| What is Dicephalus or Bicephalus? | 2 heads (siamese twins) |
| What is Cleft-Palate? | Deviation in the palatine bone (no bone). |
| Why must skull morphology be considered in positioning? | 1. Guidelines are based on Meso-cephalic size & shape. 2. Adjustments to centering & CR And/OR part angulation may be required when working with atypical skull shapes. 3. Asymmetry of outer features should be noted (ex. the nose may not always be midline) |
| What does it mean if an infant's fontanels are bulging? | Too much cranial pressure |
| What are the 6 ASPECTS of the skull? | Frontal (anterior); 2 Lateral; Posterior (occipital); Vertex (crown--from top looking down); Basal (Inferior surface--looking up from underneath) |
| Define Vomer: | Plow |
