| Question | Answer |
| Long Bones | Found only in limbs. Consist of long cylindric shaft (body) and two enlarged rounded ends. |
| Short Bones | Cancellous bone.
Red marrow
Compact bone outer layer |
| Irregular Bones | Shape and variety fits into no other catagory. |
| Flat Bones | Consist largely of two table of compact bone with inner layer of cancellous bone and red marrow (diploid). |
| Sesamoid bones | Small oval bones that develop inside/beside tendons. |
| Fibrous Joints | Do not have joint cavity.
United by fibrous and connective tissue.
Strongest joints |
| Syndesmosis | Fibrous joint
immovable / slightly movable joint.
United by sheets of fibrous tissue. |
| Suture | Immovable
fibrous joint
only in skull
interlocking bones |
| Gomphosis | fibrous joint
immovable joint only in roots of teeth |
| Cartilaginous Joints | no joint cavity
virtually immovable
Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage |
| Symphysis | Carilaginous joint
Slightly movable
pad of fibrocartilage
hyaline cartilage ends
Strength and shock absorb
(Pubic symphysis) |
| synchondrosis | cartilaginous joint
immovable
rigid cartilage uniting two bones
(epiphyseal plate) |
| Synovial joint | wide range of motion
freely movable
most complex
Synovial capsule |
| Gliding (plane) | Simplest synovial joint
uniaxial movement
Flat or slightly curved surface
(intercarpal, intertarsal) |
| Hinge | Synovial
Uniaxial
only flexion and extension
(elbow, knee, ankle) |
| Pivot (trochoid) | Synovial
uniaxial
rotate around single axis
(atlas and axis) |
| Ellipsoid (condyloid) | Synovial
Biaxial two direction right angle movement
Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction
(radiocarpal joint in wrist) |
| Saddle (sellar) | Synovial, biaxial movement, both concave and convex, side to side-up and down movement. carpometacarpal (thumb) is only one. |
| Ball and Socket (spheroid) | synovial
multiaxial movement
flexion, extension, abduction,adduction, circumduction, rotation.
Hip and shoulder |
| Functional Classification | Synarthroses, amphiarthrosis, diarthroses |
| synarthroses | immovable joint in functional classification system |
| amphiarthroes | slightly movable joint in functional classification system |
| diarthroses | freely movable joint in functional classification. |
| Define closed fracture | Fracture that does not break through skin |
| Displaced fracture | Serious fracture in which bones are not in an anatomic alignment |
| Non displaced fracture | Fracture in which bones are in normal alignment |
| Open fracture | Serious fracture in which bone projects through skin |
| 3 types of fibrous joints | syndesmosis, suture, gomphosis |
| 2 types cartilaginous joints | Symphysis, synchondrosis |
| 6 synovial joints | gliding, hinge, pivot, ellipsoid ,saddle, ball and socket |
