History 2nd test
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| Martin Luther | Struck by lightning and became a monk
Made the 95 theses
Key in Protestant Reformation
Against indulgences
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| 95 Theses | People made copies of it and it went to the German Church
Criticized the Catholic Church and particularly the Indulgences
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| Henry VIII of England | Was a Tudor
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| Queen Elizabeth of England | Henry VIII daughter (Tudor)
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| King Phillip II of Spain's conflict with Elizabeth (England) |
Spain had control of the Dutch who were Calvinist.
Spain raised their taxes.
Elizabeth helped the Dutch by sending secret aid.
Spanish Armada and it was awful, England had better ships and guns.
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| Absolutism | Monarch has all power to rule with no laws or legal opposition
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| Divine Right (rule) of Kings | Belief that the authority to rule comes directly from God
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| State of Europe in 1500-1600 | Price Revolution with dramatic rise in prices.
Population decline. "Little ice age" hurt harvests and caused famine.
Witchcraft craze
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| King Louis XIV of France | Established absolutist state and wealthiest
Sun King
French culture and arts became superior in Europe.
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| Palace of Versailles | Turned a hunting lodge into a palace.
Used it to lessen the power of the nobles.
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| Huguenots (France) | French Calvinist were at all levels of society. Ultra-Catholics tried to chase them out.
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| Edict of Nantes | It granted religious toleration to the Huguenots. But still Catholicism was France's official religion.
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| Thirty Years War | Fought mostly in Germany. France emerged as dominant. Brought an end to the Holy Roman Empire. Germany suffered the most
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| King Charles I of England | Was a Stuart.
Ignored the Petition of Right and dissolved Parliament and ruled the nation for 11 years without it.
Believed in divine right.
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| Oliver Cromwell | He was the reason that the king was put on trial
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| Glorious Revolution | When James 2 tried to restore the catholic church, William and Merry to rule England
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| English Bill of Rights | Parliament is over monarchy.
House of Commons "power of the purse"
Barred Catholics from being king/queen
Restated rights of English citizens
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| William and Queen Mary of England | They restored England
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| Limited Government | Type of government where a legislative body limits the monarch's powers.
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| Czar Peter the Great of Russia | Was unable to obtain a warm water port for Russia
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| Several crises took place in Europe during the 1500s & 1600s? Describe three ways these crises were similar. | Price Revolution with dramatic rise in prices.
Population decline. "Little ice age" hurt harvests and caused famine.
Witchcraft craze
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| Who were the two sides in the English Revolution (Civil War)? What was the cause of the conflict? Describe two results. Why is it considered a turning point in history? | Royalists vs. Roundheads. Cause of conflict was struggle between the King and Parliament.
Charles I execution. House of Commons abolished the monarchy, House of Lords, and Church of England. England a republic under Oliver Cromwell.
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| Who was Louis XIV? Give three specific examples of how he was able to create an absolutist state in France in the late 1600s. | Was the "Sun" king, symbol of his absolutist power.
Created strongest army in Europe.
Appointed intendants to collect taxes and recruit soldiers.
Never consulted the Estates General - the group of nobles.
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| Who was Peter the Great? Give three specific examples of how he was able to create an absolutist state in Russia in the late 1600s. | Forced landowning nobles to sever the state (boyars)
Westernization - imported technology and culture
Created largest standing army in Europe
Imposed policies that encouraged the spread of serfdom.
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| What was the Glorious Revolution (1688)? Who were the two side it? Why did it occur? Describe two results of it. | James tried to restore the Catholic Churh.
Parliamentary leaders invited William/Mary
James 1 and his supporters vs. William and Mary
Ended any chance of Catholicism and started limited government
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| Compare and contrast the Glorious Revolution with the English Civil War. Explain three ways they are similar and two ways they are different. |
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| Compare and contrast the English Bill of Rights (1689) and the U.S. Bill of Rights (1789). List three ways they are similar and three ways they are different. |
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