Rivers, Floods and Management
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| Bearing the cost | show 🗑
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| Hydrograph | show 🗑
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| show | A horizontal movement of water that travels over the riverbed without disturbing it
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| Hydraulic radius | show 🗑
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| Levees | show 🗑
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| show | A temporary excess of water which spills over onto land
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| show | Actual channel length / straight line distance. The curving nature of the meander.
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| Soft engineering | show 🗑
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| show | all forms of moisture that reach the earth's surface, including rain, snow and dew
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| Floodplain zoning | show 🗑
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| show | An area of land drained by a river and its tributaries
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| Floodplain | show 🗑
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| show | an increase in the proportion of a country's population living in urban areas. It is sometimes used to mean the process of moving from rural to urban areas
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| Pools | show 🗑
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| show | Areas of sediment deposited at the mouth of a river while it enters a slow moving body of water such as a sea / lake
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| Riffles | show 🗑
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| show | Change in relative heights of land and sea due to change in sea level
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| show | changes to the system are met with responses that redress the imbalance, and lead the system back to the original state
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| Cost benefit analysis | show 🗑
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| show | Consists of a series of erratic eddies, in a downstream direction. May produce minor whirlpools on surface.
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| Potholes | show 🗑
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| Rapids | show 🗑
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| show | done in semi arid areas to reduce amount of surface runoff and therefore flood liability
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| Percolation | show 🗑
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| show | excess water is redirected upstream of a settlement and follows an alternative route, bypassing the settlement until it is further downstream.
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| Secondary flow (+example) | show 🗑
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| River terraces | show 🗑
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| show | Formed during rejeuvenation when meanders have more potential for downcutting. Have a lower channel. Very deep = entrenched meanders
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| Transportation | show 🗑
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| Isolated System | show 🗑
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| Frequency | show 🗑
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| Hjulström's curve | show 🗑
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| show | Increased interception slows down lag time, evapotranspiration reduces discharge. Effective in long term but trees take gtime to mature and large areas need to be planted
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| (examples of) Transfers | show 🗑
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| Hard engineering | show 🗑
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| show | Land rises relative to the sea as a result of crustal movements (eg glacier melt bounceback))
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| show | Mark current limit in regrading
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| show | Method of transport for bedload (bouncing)
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| Traction | show 🗑
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| show | Method of transport for dissolved material
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| Suspension | show 🗑
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| show | Movement of sediment by the frictional drag of the moving water
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| show | occurs when minerals in rocks dissolve into the water and are carried away, weakening the rock structure
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| show | Occurs when relative sea level drops, resulting in a lower base level, and formation of knickpoints, gorges, waterfalls, rapids, incised meanders, and river terraces
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| show | one change away frfom the original state triggers another change which leads even further away, and the system is unable to find redress
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| Channel Precipitation | show 🗑
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| Levees and Embankments | show 🗑
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| Braiding | show 🗑
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| show | Reduction in size of sediment particles as they collide with each other
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| show | refers to the total volume of sediment that a river can transport
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| River restoration schemes | show 🗑
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| show | rivers are constantly changing over time to reach a state of balance with the processes that determine their form. As the flows of energy and materials passing through a river vary, the river changes to move towards this equilibrium
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| show | Rock that contains pores and cracks large enough to allow water to flow through the rock
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| show | Rock that contains pores and cracks which can be occupied by air. If large enough, these cavities will also be permeable.
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| Impermeable rock | show 🗑
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| show | Rubbing or scouring of the bed or banks by sedimentary material
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| River basin management | show 🗑
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| Surface Storage | show 🗑
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| show | Store water in a reservoir during times of high flow and release it during low flow, allowing a steady release throughout the year. Are costly, flood large areas of land and trap sediment - but are multipurpose.
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| Waterfalls | show 🗑
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| Watershed | show 🗑
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| Erosion | show 🗑
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| show | the downward movement of water into the soil surface
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| show | the interval at which particular levels of flooding will occur. (years of observation +1 divided by rank order
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| Thalweg | show 🗑
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| Base level | show 🗑
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| show | the maximum size (calibre) of load that a river is capable of transporting
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| show | the movement of water over the surface of the land, usually when the ground is saturated or frozen or when precipitation is too intense for infiltration to occur.
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| show | the portion of the perimeter of a stream that is in contact with the water
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| Interception | show 🗑
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| Transpiration | show 🗑
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| Potential evaporation | show 🗑
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| Magnitude | show 🗑
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| show | The soil and partially weathered rock close to the surface. This material is fragmental, so therefore permeable.
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| Velocity | show 🗑
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| Evapotranspiration | show 🗑
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| show | the total amount of water, including water vapour, in an unsaturated soil
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| show | the total area of the bed and the bank sides in contact with the water in the channel
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| Evaporation | show 🗑
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| Discharge | show 🗑
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| show | There are inputs and outputs of energy and matter
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| show | There is input, transfer and output of energy, but not of matter or mass
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| show | Things that come out of a system (evaporation, transpiration, runoff into sea)
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| show | Things that go into a system (precipitation, solar energy)
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| Lag time | show 🗑
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| show | Water carried via a channel (eg river) - brought into a and out of a system.
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| Saturated Zone | show 🗑
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| show | Water flows faster, so is transferred downstream more rapidly - but increases flood risk further downstream, creates and unnatural looking channel and damages habitats
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| show | Water flows through bands of sedimentary rock. Can take thousands of years to reach river. Tries to balance out the saturated zone.
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| show | Water stored underground in permeable rock strata
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| Storm flow | show 🗑
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| show | Water thar drips off leaves duringa rainstorm. It occurs when more water falls onto the interception layer of the canopy than can remain on the leaves
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| show | Water that flows away over surface, due to heavy rainfall / saturation of soil
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| show | Water that moves downslope through the subsoil, pulled by gravity. Effective when underlying impermeable rock prevents percolation.
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| show | Water that reaches the channel through slow throughflow and from permeable rock below the water table (groundwater flow).
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| show | Water that runs down stems and branches of plants and trees during and after rain to reach the ground. Happens after interception.
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| show | when the transportation stops, and material is deposited as sediment
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| Pipeflow | show 🗑
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| show | Where water does not fully saturate the pores in the rock.
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Created by:
Rayrayy
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