Biology Test Chapter 7
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| Prokaryote | They are generally smaller and simpler. They have genetic material that is contained in a nucleus
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| Eukaryote | Generally larger and more complex. They contain a nucleus in which their genetic material is seperated from the rest of the cell
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| Cell Theory | All living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from exisiting cells
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| Cell | The basic untis of life
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| Organelle | They act as if they are specilized organs
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| Cytoplasm | Is the portion of the cell outside the nucleus
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| Lipid Bilayer | The composion of nearly all cell membranes is a double layered sheet
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| Diffusion | The particles tend to move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
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| Equilibrium | when the concentration of a solute is the same throughout the solution
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| Osmosis | The diffusion of water through a selectively premeable membrane
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| Facilitated Diffusion | The movement of specific molecules across the cell membrane through protein channels
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| Active Transport | Energy- Requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane
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| Hypotonic Solution | The solution with less concentration of solutes
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| Hypertonic Solution | The solution with the greater concentration of solutes
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| Isotonic Solution | When the concentration of two solutions is the same
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| Endocytosis | Process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane
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| Phagocytosis | Process by which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell
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| Pinocytosis | Process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment
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| Exocytosis | Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material
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| Compare and Contrast Eukaryote and Prokaryote | Eukaryotes: organism who's cells contain a nuclei. Prokaryotes: Unicellular organism lacking a nucleus
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| 3 principles of the cell theory | All living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells.
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| Describe the structure and functions of the cell membrane | It regulates what enters and leaves the cell also provides protection and support
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| Why does Active Transport require energy? | Because any activity requires energy
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| How is ficilitated diffusion different from diffusion? | Facilitated diffusion is the movement of specific molecules across the cell membrane through protein channels.
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| How do facilitated diffusion and active transport differ? | Active Transport is an energy required process that moves materials across a cell membrane. Facilitated Diffusion is the movement of specific materials through protein channels across the cell membrane
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| Cell Wall and Vacuole function | Provide support and proteins for the cell. A vacuole stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
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