gastrointestinal study stack
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| pathalogical opening between trachea and esophagus | tracheo-esophageal fistula
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| supersaturated cholesterol or bilirubin in gall bladder | cholelithiasis
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| Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon | Hirschsprung's disease
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| Age, high fat diet, obesity, multiparity, diabetes | risk factors for cholelithiasis
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| stomach protrudes through esophageal hiatus | hiatal hernia
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| intestines and abdominal organs in thoracic cavity | diaphragmatic hernia
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| first line of treatment for hiatal hernia | non-pharmacologic (diet, positioning)
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| congenital abdominal defect with intestines in peritoneal sac protruding from abdominal opening | omphalocele
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| congenital abdominal defect with intestines protruding from umbilical openin without peritoneum | gastroschisis
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| fluid output greater than intake | dehydration
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| causes of dehydration | vomiting, diarrhea, fever, burns, tachypnes, diabetic ketoacidosis
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| reasons infants more vulnerable to dehydration | relatively greater body surface area, higher basic metabolic rate, immature kidneys, increased fluid requirements
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| first sign of severe dehydration | tachycardia
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| causes of chronic dehydration | malabsorption syndromes, inflammatory bowel disease, immune deficiency, food allergy, lactose intolerance
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| flavored drinks with physiological concentrations of glucose and electrolytes | oral rehydration therapy (ORT)
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| immune response to wheat protein (gliadin) | celiac disease
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| inflamed appendix | appendicitis
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| condition resulting from ruptured appendix or gall bladder | peritonitis
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| fetal tissue remnant connecting small intestine to umbilicus | Meckels Diverticulum
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| thickened pyloric sphincter narrowing pyloric channel | pyloric stenosis
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| surgical treatment of pyloric stenosis | pyloromyotomy
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| proximal segment of bowel telescoped into distal segment | intussusception
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| congenital absence of anal opening | imperforate anus
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| most common congenital facial malformation | cleft lip and cleft palate
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| surgical repair of cleft lip | cheiloplasty
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| surgical repair of cleft palate | palatoplasty
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