Dz and Conditions and their S/S to study for NCLEX
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
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| Mc Burrney Point | RLQ pain - appendicitis (w/rebound tenderness), watch for peritonitis
LLQ pain - diverticulitus
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| Koplick Spots | Red spots w/blue center (usually in mouth
-MEASLES
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| Turners Sign | Flank grayish blue - Pancreatitis
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| Cullens Sign | Echmosis in umbilical area - Pancreatitis
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| Kernings Sign | Pt. supine, w/hip flexed 90 degrees, can't fully extend - Mennigitis
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| Brudzinski's Sign | Passive Flexion of neck causes flexion of both thighs -Menningitis
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| Caput succinidanium (cephalhemotoma) | Resolves on its own in a few days. Due to edema crosses the suture lines.
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| SNS | Flight or Fight- Increases BP, HR, RR and Decreases GI, UO also dilated pupils (blurry vision), dry mouth, constricted blood vessels . Due to increased Ach. Activated by Anticholenergic drugs.
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| Chest tube w/ HVac | Continuous bubbling in H20 chamber - AIR LEAK
H20 seal chamber should bubble w/ inspiration- Normal
Continuious Bubbling in suction chamber- Normal
up and down in H20 chamber -Normal
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| PNS | Rest and Digest - decreased HR, constricted pupils, relaxed, increased sex drive, warm dry skin. Due to decreased Ach, inhibited by Anticholenergic drugs.
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| ANP (Think A~N~P, like A hearts P, get rid of N) | Excretes Na and H20 in vascular space when heart is streched. Works on kidneys. Opposite of Aldosterone.
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| Aldosterone (holds on to lots of letters) | Retains Na and H20 in vascular space. Opposite of ANP.
Increased = Cushings (FVO)
Decreased = Addison's (FVD-shock)
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| ADH (think AD is holding on to H, or AD H) | Retains H20 in vascular space.
Cause- any head/pituitary problem that can lead to increased ICP.
Increased= SIADH (too many letters too much water)
Decreased = DI (poss Shock)
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| TIA | Mini stoke from small blood clots causing sx of stock but only lasts 24 hours. NO DEAD BRAIN TISSUE. Asa is ok
Sx: sudden decrease in LOC, blurred vision, HA, slurred speech
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| CVA | Stoke. DEAD BRAIN TISSUE. Most imp to take meds regularly, HTN can increase risk. Before 1st meal check gag reflex. (If in R hem increased risk accident, disorientated, poor judgement, impulsive)
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| Stoke | Sudden LOC due to rupture or occlusion of blood vessel leads to decreased O2 to brain
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| CUSHINGS TRIAD | -INCREASED BP
-DECREASED P & R
r/t ICP (shock is opposite)
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| Hypoxia | Sx: **Restless and Confused**, cynosis, Increased P and R
Labs: Inc H&H and RBC
Tx: manually vent w/ 100% O2
Fetal Hypoxia - cord prolapse, shows w/ late decels. Give mom O2
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| Nephrotic Syndrome | Sx: ** Massive Protein Uria**, edema and hypotension
Cause: glomerial damage
Tx: corticosteroids, turn and reposition (rsk skin integrity)
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| Glomerulonephritis | **Infection to strep 1st**
Sx: decreased appitite and Increased fatigue
Tx: takke vs q 4 hrs (BP), daily weight, diet restrictions-Na,K, protein and fluid
Dx: Increased ASO titer
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| Rheumatic Fever | **Group A Strep 1st-Fever**
Sx: Chorea (grimacing, sudden body movements), joint pain
Rsk: can lead to HF and Mitral Stenosis
Dx: Increased ASO titer
Tx: Penicillin
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| MS | Chronic progressive dz, demylenating lesions in CNS.
Sx: hyperactive DTR, limb weakness, fatigue, spacity, numbness, tingling, tinnitus, visual changes, paralysis
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| CF | Autosomal Recessive (both parents)- causes sticky mucus to build up in lungs, digestive tract
Sx: **meconium illius at birth**, inconsolable, doesn't eat, not passing meconium, salty skin.
Tx: fat soluble (ADEK), decrease fat, increase Na & mucomyst
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| Kawasaki Syndrome | Inflammation of blood vessels, can lead to heart problems)
Sx: STRAWBERRY TONGUE
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| Gillian Barre Syndrome | Bodys immune system attacks nervous system leading to nerve inflammation.
Sx: ASCENDING PARALYSIS, watch R sx
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| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | Upturned nose, flat nasal bridge, thin upper lip, SGA
Irritability, poor sucking, hypotonicity
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| Narcotic Withdrawal Syndrome | Hyperactivity, Irritability, Poor Sucking, High Pitched Cry
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| Asthma | WHEEZING ON EXPIRATION, or coughing w/o sx
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| Nephrotic Syndrome | -Proteinuria
-Decreased protein in blood
-Increased Cho
-Increased Tri
Edema and Decreased BP
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| TEF | 4 C's (coughing, choking, cynosis, continus drooling)
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| Basilar Fracture | BATTLE SIGN (bruising behind ear) and OTTORHEA (discharge from ear)
-Skull fx at base
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| Hepatic Encephlophy | FLAPPING TREMORS (tremor in hand when wrist is extended)
-Brain disorder caused by chronic liver failure
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| UC | RECURRENT BLOODY DIARRHEA
-IBD affects lining of lg intestine and rectum
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| Orbital Fracture | RACOON EYES
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| Pernicious Anemia | BEEFY RED TONGUE, pallor, tachycardia, Increased R
Dx: Shillings test and Decreased RBC, plts, Hgb
Tx: B12 taken for life, risk of injury
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| Parkinson's | PILL ROLLING TREMORS
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| NMS (think S &M) | HOT (hyperpyrexia)
STIFF (increase muscle tone)
SWEATY
BP, R, P all Increase
DROOLING
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| SIADH | Too many letters, TOO MUCH WATER
Caused by Increased ADH
SX: Changes in LOC, Increased HR and SG, Decreased Na and DTR, N/V and HA
Tx: Diuretics
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| Cor Pulmonae | R side HF do do L ventricular failure.
**PICK EDEMA or JVD**
Sx: FVO, occurs in COPD (bronchitis or emphysema)
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| Hypoglycemia | TREMBLING & HA
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| SHINGLES | ADULT W/ RASH/BLISTERS ON 1 SIDE ONLY
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| MENINGITIS | HA & STIFF NECK
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| TB | NIGHT SWEATS
AFTERNOON FEVER
COUGH
WEIGHT LOSS
FATIGUE
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| CHRONS | D & ABD PAIN
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| GASTRIC ULCER | 30-60 MIN AFTER EATING
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| DUODENAL ULCER | 1.5-3 HRS AFTER EATING
AWAKENS AT NIGHT
FOOD HELPS
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| PEPTIC ULCER | COFFEE GROUND EMESIS
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| PLACENTA PREVIA | NO PAIN & + BLEEDING
(think PP no P but Pink)
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| PLACENTA ABRUPTION | PAIN & NO BLEEDING
(think PA=pain)
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| HYPOVOLEMIA=DOWN | Increased T, R, P (weak), SG
Decreased BP
ANXIETY
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| HYPERVOLEMIA=UP | BOUNDING P , HTN
DECREASED SG
CRACKLES/RALES & PERIPHERAL EDEMA
Tx: Semi- Fowlers
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| PNA | RUSTY SPUTUM, FEVER, CONFUSION, crackles, hypoxia (worse)
Tx: sick side UP
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| MEASLES | KOPLICK SPOTS (red with white/blue spots in mouth)
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| PERNICIOUS ANEMIA | RED BEEFY TONGUE
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| MENINGITIS | -BRUDZINSKI SIGN (neck flex=lower leg flex)
-KERNIG'S SIGN (leg flex then pain on extension)
-TRIAD (HA, light sensitivity, stiff neck)
Droplet = bacterial (CSF cloudy)
Standard = Viral (CSF clear)
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| DVT | HOMAN SIGN (pushing on ankle and pain felt in calf)
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| TETANY | HYPOCALCEMIA
Sharp flexion of wrists and joints
TROUSSEAUS SIGN (tremor in hand w. BP cuff)
CHEVOSTEK SIGN (facial spams, touch cheek)
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| CHARCOTS TRIAD | JAUNDICE
FEVER
URQ PAIN
Dx: MS
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| ANGINA | CRUSHING PAIN
-Relieved by NTG
-NO dead tissue
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| MI | CRUSHING, STABBING PAIN that RADIATES ARMS, SHOULDER, NECK, BACK
-NOT relieved by NTG
-DEAD TISSUE
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| EPIGLOTTIS | 3 D'S
-DROOLING
-DYSPHONIA (voice disorder)
-DYSPHAGIA (difficulty swallowing)
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| RETINAL DETACHMENT | -VISUAL FLOATERS
-FLASHES OF LIGHT
-LOSS PORTION OF VISUAL FIELD
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| BLADDER CANCER | PAINLESS HEMATURIA
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| INCREASED ICP | CUSHINGS TRIAD
-INCREASED BP
-DECREASED P and R
agitation and dilated pupils
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| SHOCK | -DECREASED BP (loss of fluid)
-INCREASED P &R
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| WHAT ARE THE 2 SIGNS IN HYPOCALCEMIA | CHEVOSTK & TROSSEAU
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| MENIERS DZ | -VERTIGO
-TINNITIUS
-N/V
(inner ear disorder affecting balance)
Tx: diuretics, Decrease Na, lay on affected ear
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| PE | -***1ST sx SUDDEN CHEST PAIN***
-DYSPNEA AND TACHYPNEA
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| CF | SALTY SKIN (lots of mucus -autosomal recessive)
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| CHF in INFANT | -***TACHYCARDIA 1ST ***
- COUGH
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| MENNIGIEAL IRRITATION | -HA
-PHOTOPHOBIA (sensitivity to bright light)
-NUCHAL RIGIDITY (stiff neck)
Dx: MENINGITIS and subarachnoid hemorrhage
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| FAT EMBOLI | -PETECHAIE
Tx: Heparin
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| PANCREATITIS | -CULLEN'S SIGN (bruising at umbilicus)
-GREY TURNER SPOTS (flank bruising)
-ACUTE ABD PAIN & N/V
Tx: Demoral (DONT give Morphine-spasms)
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| DIVERTICULITUS | -PAIN IN LLQ (McBurneys point test)
(inflammation of the diverticulium)
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| GLAUCOMA | -LOSS OF PERIPHERAL VISUAL FIELD (gun barrel vision)
-PAINFUL (Increased IOP0
Tx: Miotics, BB (timdol, diamox but not if allergic to sulfa drugs)
-DONT GIVE; Cogentin, Atropine, Visine
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| ADDISON'S CRISIS | N/V, CONFUSION, ABD PAIN, EXTREME WEAKNESS, HYPOGLYCEMIA, DEHYDRATION, HYPOTENSION
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| HYPERGLYCEMIA (HIGH BG) | THIRSTY, FREQ URINATION, DRY SKIN, HUNGER, BLURRED VISON, DROWSY, NAUSEA
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| HYPOGLYCEMIA (LOW BG) | SHAKING, FAST HEARTBEAT, SWEATING, ANXIOUS, DIZZINESS, HUNGER, IMPAIRED VISON, FATIGUE, WEAKNESS, HA, IRRITABLE
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| SICKLE CELL CRISIS | -SEVERE PAIN, INFECTION, ANEMIA
-TROUBLE BREATHING
Tx: IV fluids to help with cells getting stuck
DO NOT give DEMEROL
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| HYPOPARATHYROID | CATS (same as low Ca)
-CONVULSIONS
-ARYTHMIA
-TETANCY
-SPASM & STRIDOR
Diet: Increase Ca and Decreased Pho
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| HYPERPARATHYROID | will cause Ca to increase, PTU pulls Ca from bones into blood
-GROANS, MOANS, STONES, PHONE, BONE
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| DI | decrease ADH (retains H20 in vascular space)
-POLYDIPSIA
-POLYPHAGIA
-POLYURIA
-weakness, FVD, Increases Na
Worry about SHOCK
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| MYXEDEMA/HYPOTHYROIDISM | -SLOW PHYSICAL/MENTAL FX
-SENSITIVITY TO COLD
-DRY SKIN/HAIR
Tx: SYNTHROID (take in AM on empty stomach)
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| GRAVES DZ/HYPERTHYROIDISM | -BULGING EYES
-ACCELERATED PHYSICAL AND MENTAL FX
-SENSETIVITY TO HEAT
-FINE/SOFT HAIR
Post Thyroidectomy; Semi fowlers, prevent neck flexion, trach at bedside
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| TYROID STORM | -INCREASED T, P, BP
Tx: PTU/ Trapazole (prevents thyroid storm)
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| CHOLINERGIC CRISIS | Caused by excessive medication --> STOP MED
Give TENSILION will make it WORSE (unlike MG)
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| MG CRISIS | Sudden inability to speak or swallow --> LIFE THREATENING
TENSILON will make it better for a couple min, + rxn
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| MG | -WORSENS with EXERCISE
-IMPROVES with REST
TENSILION test --> makes muscles tense, + rxn-imporves sx (unlike Cholenergic Crisis)
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| CUSHINGS | Too much Aldosterone (retains Na and H20)
Can be caused by prednisone toxicity
-ALL UP (Na, BP, BG, BV)
-K goes DOWN
MOON FACE, PURPLE STRIATE, BUFFALO HUMP, INFECTION PRONE
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| ADDISONS | Not enough Aldosterone (excretes Na and H20)
-All DOWN (Na, BP, BV, BG)
-K goes UP
BRONZING, RESTLESSNESS, WEAK, DECREASED WGT, ALLOPECIA
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