Definitions
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| Acidophile | show 🗑
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| Active transport | show 🗑
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| show | A method for detecting mutagenic and potentially carcinogenic agents based upon the genetic alteration of nutritionally defective bacteria.
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| show | The building blocks of protein. Amino acids exist in 20 naturally occurring forms that impart different characteristics to the various proteins they compose.
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| show | A microorganism that grows best or exclusively in an environment lacking oxygen.
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| show | The opposite orientation of the two complementary strands or deoxyribonucleic acid, 5 to 3 and 3 to 5.
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| show | Chemical treatment to kill or inhibit the growth of all vegetative microorganisms on body surfaces.
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| Autotroph | show 🗑
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| show | A mutation that counteracts an earlier mutation, resulting in the restoration of the original DNA sequence.
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| show | A substance which only kills bacteria.
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| show | Any agent which which inhibits the growth of bacteria.
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| show | The formation of of two new cells of approximately equal as the result of parent cell division.
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| Capsid | show 🗑
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| show | A subunit of the virus capsid shape as a triangle or disc.
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| show | An enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide.
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| show | A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits while the other is unaffected.
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| Conjugation | show 🗑
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| show | An impurity, any undesirable material or organism.
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| Death phase | show 🗑
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| show | The removal or neutralization of an infectious, poisonous, or injurious agent from a site.
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| Degermation | show 🗑
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| Denature | show 🗑
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| Diffusion | show 🗑
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| show | The destruction of pathogenic nonsporulating microbes or their toxins, usually on inanimate surfaces.
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| show | is an enzyme that relieves strain while double-stranded DNA is being unwound by helicase. This causes negative supercoiling of the DNA.
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| show | Utilizes hot air that is either free from water vapour, or has very little of it, and where this moisture plays a minimal or no role in the process of sterilization
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| show | The process by which solid and liquid materials are taken into the cell through membrane invagination and engulfment into a vesicle.
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| show | A potent, highly water-soluble gas invaluable for gaseous sterilization of heat-sensitive objects such as plastics, surgical and diagnostic appliances and spices.
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| Exon | show 🗑
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| Exon (cont'd.) | show 🗑
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| show | Organisms capable of living in harsh environments, such as extreme heat or cold.
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| show | The passive movement of a substance across a plasma membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration utilizing specialized carrier proteins.
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| show | An organism which is capable of producing energy through aerobic respiration and then switching back to anaerobic respiration depending on the amounts of oxygen and fermentable material in the environment.
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| show | The process of separating suspended particles from the fluid through a porous material in which the fluid can pass while the suspended particles are retained.
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| Gene | show 🗑
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| show | The complete set of chromosones and genes in an organism.
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| Halophiles | show 🗑
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| show | A prokaryote enzyme that uses the hydrolysis of atp to unwind the dna helix at the replication fork, to allow the resulting single strands to be copied.
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| Heterotroph | show 🗑
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| show | A bacterial cell that possesses the F factor integrated into the bacterial genome, hence, when it conjugates with another bacterium, it attempts to transfer a copy of the F
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| Hfr cell (cont'd) | show 🗑
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| show | Proteins associated with eukaryotic DNA. These simple proteins serve as winding spools to compact and condense the chromosones.
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| Icosahedral | show 🗑
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| show | Any alteration in DNA that occurs as a consequence of exposure to chemical or physical mutagens.
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| Intron | show 🗑
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| show | The early phase of population growth during which no signs of growth occur.
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| show | A method for preserving microorganisms (and other substances) by freezing and then drying them directly from the frozen state.
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| Lysogeny | show 🗑
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| show | A chemical substance required in large quantities (phosphate, for example).
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| show | A chemical substance required in small quantities (trace metals.
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| show | Microorganisms that grow at intermediate temperatures.
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| show | A mutation in which a change in the DNA sequence results in a different amino acid being incorporated into a protein, with varying results.
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| show | A single stranded transcript that is a copy of the DNA template that corresponds to a gene.
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| show | A single stranded transcript that is a copy of part of the DNA template.
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| show | A transcript of DNA that specializes in converting RNA language into protein language.
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| Mutation | show 🗑
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| Mutualistic | show 🗑
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| Nonsense mutation | show 🗑
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| Nucleotide | show 🗑
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| Okazaki fragments | show 🗑
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| Oncogenic | show 🗑
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| show | A genetic operational unit that regulates metabolism by controlling mRNA production. In sequence, the unit consists of a regulatory gene, inducer or repressor control sites and structural genes.
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| show | The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane in the direction of lower water concentration.
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| show | Description used in reference to an organism that lives within a host organism from which it gets its nutrients and protection. The parasite in turn produces some level of harm to the host organism.
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| show | Nutrient transport method that follows basic physical laws and does not require direct energy input from the cell.
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| show | Heat treatment of perishable fluids such as milk, fruit juices or wine to destroy heat-sensitive vegetative cells, followed by rapid chilling to inhibit growth of survivors and germination of spores. It prevents infection and spoilage.
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| Phage | show 🗑
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| Phototroph | show 🗑
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| Plaque | show 🗑
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| show | A change that involves the loss, substitution, or addition of one or a few nucleotides.
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| show | An enzyme that produces polymers through catalyzing bond formation between building blocks.
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| Prions | show 🗑
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| Promoter | show 🗑
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| show | A microorganism that thrives at low temperatur (0* - 20* C) with a temperature optimum of 0* - 15* C.
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| Repressible operon | show 🗑
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| Reverse transcriptase (RT) | show 🗑
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| show | An intermediate stage in viral replication of circular DNA into linear DNA.
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| show | To clean inanimate objects using soap and degerming agents so that they are safe and free of high level of microorganisms.
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| show | A microbe that decomposes organic remains from dead organisms. Also known as a saprophyte or saprotroph.
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| show | A minute infectious agent which lacks independent metabolism and is able to replicate only within a living host cell; consists of nucleic acid (nucleoid)—DNA or RNA (but not both)—and a protein shell (capsid), which contains and protects the nucleic acid
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| show | In DNA replication, the synthesis of paired daughter strands, each retaining a parent strand template.
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| show | A mutation that results in the nucleotide change in both the DNA and mRNA but the the amino acid and protein. This happens because of the degeneration of the genetic code.
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| show | Survival mode in which cells either stop growing or grow very slowly.
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| show | Any process that completely removes or destroys all viable microorganisms, including viruses, from an object or habitat. Material is then considered sterile.
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| Superoxide dismutase | show 🗑
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| show | A surface-active agent that forms a water-soluble interface. ex: detergents, wetting agents, dispersing agents and surface tension depressants
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| TDP (Thermal Death Point) | show 🗑
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| TDT (Thermal Death Time) | show 🗑
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| Template | show 🗑
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| show | A microorganism that thrives at a temperature of 50*C or higher.
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| Transcription | show 🗑
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| show | Cloudy appearance of nutrient solution in a test tube due to growth of microbe population.
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| show | An infectious agent unlike the virion. It lacks a capsid and consists of a closed circular RNA molecule. Although viroids are mostly plant pathogens, it is possible that there are animal versions of this as well.
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| Facultative | show 🗑
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| Obligate | show 🗑
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| Triplet (codon) | show 🗑
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| Transposon | show 🗑
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| show | Intermittent sterilization designed to destroy spores indirectly. A preparation is exposed to flowing steam for an hour.
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| Tyndallization (con't.) | show 🗑
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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