a MCPHS- Provider I- Ch 60- Assessment of Neurologic Function
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| 2 Divisions r/t Peripheral nervous system (PNS) | Somatic, Autonomic
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| Ganglia vs. Center r/t Nerve cell bodies | G:clusters of nerve cell bodies, C:cluster of cell bodies w/same function
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| Actions r/t Neurotransmitters | Potentiate, Terminate, Modulate
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| Direct receptors vs. Indirect receptors | D:link to ion channels and allow passage of ions, I:affect metabolic processes in cell
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| Broca'a area location | Frontal lobe
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| Critical for motor control of speech | Broca's area
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| Contols and regulates autonomic nervous system | Hypothalamus
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| Responsible for production of Cerebral Spinal Fluid(CSF) | Choroid plexus
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| Contains choroid plexus | Arachnoid layer
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| Increased size of ventricles | Hydrocephalus
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| WBC's vs. RBC's r/t Normal CSF | WBC:minimal, RBC:nonexistent
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| Physiology r/t Cerebral veins | No valves, Depend on gravity & BP
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| Gray matter vs. White matter r/t Brain & spinal cord | B:gray matter is external & white matter is internal, SC:gray matter is internal & white matter is external
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| Anterior vs. Posterior horns vs. Lateral horns r/t Pathways | A:voluntary/reflex activity of muscles, P:sensory/reflex pathway, L:autonomic fibers of sympathetic division
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| Fiber bundles w/common function | Tract
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| Physiology r/t Ascending tracts | 2 conduct sensation, 2 spinocerebellar tracts to coordinate muscle contraction, 2 spinothalamic tracts for pain, proprioception, fine touch, vibration
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| Physiology r/t Descending tracts | 2 corticospinal tracts to control voluntary muscle activity, 3 vestibulospinal tracts for autonomic and involuntary muscle control, Corticobulbar tract for voluntary head/facial movement, Rubrospinal & Reticulospinal tracts for involuntary movement
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| Dorsal root vs. Ventral root r/t Spinal nerves | D:sensory, V:motor
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| 2 neurons r/t Autonomic nervous system | Preganglionic neuron, Postganglionic neuron
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| Autonomic nervous system extends from | CNS to effected organs
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| Preganglionic neuron vs. Postganglionic neuron | Post:axon synapses w/target tissue, Pre:axon synapses w/postganglionic neuron
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| Lag period r/t Autonomic nervous system | Responses sustained longer to ensure maximal functional capacity
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| Injury to internal capsule vs. Injury to motor cortex | Small injury to capsule results in paralysis in more muscles than a larger injury to cortex
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| Motor functions depends on integrity of 3 factors | Integrity of corticospinal tract, exrapyramidal system, Cerebellar function
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| Upper motor lesions vs. Lower motor lesions | U:hyperactive deep tendon reflexes & Paralysis can affect whole extremities, L:muscle paralyis & reflexes lost
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| Decortication vs. Decerebration vs. Flaccid posturing d/t Cerebral trauma | Decort:result of lesion of internal capsule/cerbral hemisphers, Decere:lesions at midbrain, FP:lower brain stem dysfunction & Pt has no motor function
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| Signs r/t increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) | Vomiting, Headache, Changes in VS, Changes in LOC
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| Destruction/dysfunction of basal ganglia r/t Muscles | Muscle rigidity results
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| Dizziness vs. Vertigo | D:abnormal sensation of imbalance/movement, V:illusion of movement/rotation
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| 5 components r/t Neurologic assessment | Cerebral function, Cranial nerves, Motor system, Sensory system, Reflexes
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| Assessments r/t Mental status | Appearance, Behavior, Speech, LOC, Orientation
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| Agnosia | Inability to interpret/recognize objects through special senses Ex.see a pencil but not know what it does
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| Screening test for balance | Romberg test
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| Reflexes are hyperactive | Clonus
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| Positive vs. Negative plantar reflex | P:toe fanning, N:toe flexion
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| Cause r/t Most sensory deficits | Peripheral neuropathy
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| Brain changes r/t Aging | Brain weight, number synapses, cerebral blood flow & metabolism decreases
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| Reflexes r/t Aging | Deep tendon & pupillary responses are reduced
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| Always suspected d/t change in mental status | Drug toxicity
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