cardiac
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| In the conduction system, what is known as the pacemaker? | show 🗑
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| show | The AV node, 40-60 impulses/min.
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| The bundle of His is located in the septum and separates what? | show 🗑
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| show | Automaticity, excitability, conductivity, contractility, and refractoriness.
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| show | Heart rate x stroke volume.
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| What is preload? | show 🗑
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| show | The resistance the ventricles have to overcome to eject blood into the vessels.
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| show | Age, gender, ethnicity, genetics.
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| What are some modifiable risk factors for CHF? | show 🗑
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| What are some diagnostic tests for CHF? | show 🗑
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| What does CHF mean? | show 🗑
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| What are the compensatory mechanisms of the heart? | show 🗑
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| What are signs and symptoms of left-sided heart failure? | show 🗑
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| What are the signs and symptoms of right-sided heart failure? | show 🗑
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| show | Digoxin, Beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, diuretics, vasodilators.
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| show | Digoxin
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| What is the action of Digoxin? | show 🗑
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| show | 0.125 mg
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| What is angina pectoris? | show 🗑
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| What are some non-pharmacologic methods for managing angina? | show 🗑
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| show | Organic nitrates, beta-blockers, and calcium-channel blockers.
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| What is the prototype and most widely used nitrate? | show 🗑
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| What do nitrates do? | show 🗑
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| What does dilation of veins cause? | show 🗑
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| show | Increased blood flow to the ischemic areas of the heart.
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| show | A decrease in peripheral vascular resistance (afterload), a decrease in BP, and a decrease in cardiac workload.
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| show | Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil), Isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur).
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| show | Hypotension, dizziness, light-headedness, tachycardia, palpitations, and headache.
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| What do beta-blockers do? | show 🗑
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| show | Decrease in HR, BP, contractility, oxygen demand, and cardiac output, bronchoconstriction, decreased aqueous humor in the eye, and decreased angina pain.
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| What is the difference between beta-1 sites and beta-2 sites? | show 🗑
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| show | olol.
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| FWhat are some adverse effects of beta-blockers? | show 🗑
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| show | It can result in very high blood pressure and angina because the SNS is stimulated.
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| show | The prevent movement of calcium into the cells which results in dilation of coronary and peripheral arteries.
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| What are the results of calcium channel blockers? | show 🗑
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| What are some adverse side effects of calcium channel blockers? | show 🗑
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| show | verapamil, nifedipine, diltiazem. (Very Nice Drugs)
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| What is hypertension? | show 🗑
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| What are the two major factors that determine hypertension? | show 🗑
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| show | An increase in heart workload, enargement of the heart muscle, narrowing of arterial lumen, increased risk of thrombosis.
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| show | Heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes.
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| What are the signs and symptoms of hypertension? | show 🗑
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| What are some non-pharmacologic treatments for hypertension? | show 🗑
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| What is the rationale for quitting smoking? | show 🗑
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| What risks are associated with hypertension? | show 🗑
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| What medications can be used to treat hypertension? | show 🗑
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| show | Reduction of systemic vascular resistance, and reduction of volume of circulating blood.
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| show | They block the enzyme that converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II (strong vasoconstrictor) which results in vasodilation.
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| What effect does vasodilation have? | show 🗑
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| What do most ACE inhibitors end in? | show 🗑
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| show | Prevents the formation of clots. (does not dissolve clots)
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| show | Inhibits platelet aggregation.
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| What does thrombolytic mean? | show 🗑
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| show | PTT (partial thromboplatin time)
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| show | Lovenox (enoxaparin).
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| show | Coumadin (warfarin).
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| Why would you choose coumadin over heparin? | show 🗑
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| show | PT (prothrombin time), and INR (international normalized ratio)
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| What kinds of foods should people who take Coumadin avoid? | show 🗑
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| show | protamine sulfate.
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| show | Vitamin K.
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| What are some non-pharmacologic ways to treat arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis? | show 🗑
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| What are some signs and symptoms of peripheral arterial disease? | show 🗑
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| show | Exercise (increase slowly, stop if pain), Positioning, protect feet, decrease weight, stop smoking, avoid tight clothing..crossing legs..cold..direct heat.
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| What are some drugs that treat PAD? | show 🗑
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| What are some post-op cares for an arterial revascularization? | show 🗑
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| What are the treatments for acute peripheral arterial occlusions? | show 🗑
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| What are some signs and symptoms of acute peripheral arterial occlusions? | show 🗑
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| What could an acute peripheral arterial occlusion cause? | show 🗑
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| What are some of the symptoms of aneurysms? | show 🗑
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| Why would you want to decrease the blood pressure of someone with an aneurysm? | show 🗑
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| show | Burning pain, sensitivty to cold, intermittent claudication, superficial phlebitis, ulcerations and gangrene.
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| show | Stop smoking and all use of tobacco, avoid the cold, vasodilating drugs.
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| What is Raynaud's Phenomenon? | show 🗑
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| What are signs and symptoms of Raynaud's Phemomenon? | show 🗑
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| show | Avoid cold, stress, and trauma to the fingers, stop smoking, avoid caffeine, meds.
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| What is Venous thromboembolism? | show 🗑
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| What are signs and symptoms of a venous thromboembolism? | show 🗑
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| show | Pulmonary Embolism.
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| How do you threat a venous thromboembolism? | show 🗑
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| show | Steady throbbing pain, edema, brown pigmentation of lower legs, ulcers (around the ankle, little pain, superficial, chronic, infection risk).
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| show | Elevate legs, wear compression stockings, exercise, avoid long periods of standing, do not cross legs, avoid tightness on legs.
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| show | With an occlusive dressing (hydrocolloid-DuoDerm), unna boot on for 1 week, compression stockings.
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| What causes varicose veins? | show 🗑
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| What are signs and symptoms of varicose veins? | show 🗑
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| What are the treatments for vericose veins? | show 🗑
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