Module 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| After scanning the PSP's bar code, the software of the plate-reading device associates what? | The patient's information with a specific image.
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| Scanning the bar code is extremely important to ensure that the __________ is linked to the correct __________ and tells the computer software what type of __________ ________ to use for an image of a particular __________ structure. | Image; Patient; Processing codes; anatomical
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| The _____-_________ __________ is an extremely important part of _________-_________ digital radiography. | Bar-Code sticker; Cassette-Based
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| The unique code on a PSP plate associates what with what? | An individual patient and a specific exam
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| Which device allows for increased scanning precision compared to a mechanical arm? | A rotating polygonal mirror and point scanner
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| In a PSP plate reader, the _________ _________ collects the light and directs it into a device called a _____________ _______. | Light Guide; Photomultiplier Tube
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| The photomultiplier tube of a PSP plate reader converts the light into an __________ __________ which is then ___________ by the _________. | Electronic Signal; Digitized; ADC
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| When a PSP plate is ready for image extraction a _______ ______ strikes the plate and interacts with the _________ in the __________ ________ releasing the _________ trapped there in the form of _________. This energy trapped is the _______ ______. | laser beam; Phosphors; Phosphor layer; Energy; Light; Latent Image
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| As the energy in the phosphor layer of a PSP plate is released as light, a ________ _________ collects the _______ photons and sends them to the ___________ ______ which and then the _______ where the electronic signal is converted to a _________ _______. | Light guide; Light; Photomultiplier tube; ADC; Digital Signal
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| Any remaining energy left on a PSP plate after digitizing the light photons is removed during the ________ process when exposing the plate to ______ ______ ______ removes the remaining __________. | Erasure; Bright White Light; Electrons
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| When using a Flat Panel Receptor, the technologist doesn't touch what? | Plate Reader or image detector (what the hell is an "image detector"?)
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| Each DEL in a Flat Panel Detector is a _________. | Pixel
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| The Detector Element (DEL) in a Flat Panel Detector collects ________ that are extracted from the ___________ ________ and are converted into a ____________ _______ by an _______. This is the process that creates the image that is displayed on the monitor | Electrons; Detector Assembly; Digital Value; ADC
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| ________ size controls the recorded detail or spatial resolution for Flat Panel Detectors and cannot be changed by the Technologist. | DEL size
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| CCD's and CMOS both need a __________ to convert __________ photons into __________. | Scintillator; X-ray photons into light
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| When ________ strikes the CCD, __________ are released by the CCD _________ in proportion to the ___________ striking it. | Light; Electrons; Silicon; Light
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| With CCD's, when the electrons are released in proportion to the light striking it, __________ of charged ___________ are moved one row at a time by __________ the ___________ of adjacent _________. | Packets of charged electrons are moved one row at a time by varying the voltage of adjacent rows.
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| As the computer analyzes the image data that the ADC extracts from the PSP plate, a key step for the PSP receptor is recognizing _____________ ________ _________. | Exposure Field Borders
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| A PSP plate reader scans the ___________plate and ________ the exposed and unexposed areas? | Entire plate; Both
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| What can happen if the PSP plate reader does not recognize exposure or collimation border? | The data analysis will include all the information on the plate and will result in a poor image.
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| Histograms graphically represent a collection of ___________ values extracted from the __________. | Exposure; Receptor
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| The X axis of a histogram is the __________ line representing _____________ ___________. | Horizontal; Receptor Exposure
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| The Y axis of a histogram is the ___________ line representing the _________ of _____________ per _____________. | Vertical; Number of pixels per exposure.
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| A Type 3 Histogram is unique because it takes into account a significant ___________ object such as a ___________ hip or stomach full of __________. | Attenuating; Prosthetic; Barium
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| With the Type 3 histogram, the attenuating object adds an additional ____________ to an otherwise normally distributed histogram. | Section
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| A Neural Histogram compares the exposure from the receptor with what? | Two or more predefined histogram data values
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| Rescaling the image pixel values to display properly doesn't prevent overexposure of the ___________. | Patient
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| Due to Automatic rescaling, the technologist has no visual cue of __________________. | Overexposure
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| Most PSP systems provide an EI that _____________ can use to determine the approximate level of __________ to a __________. | Technologists; Exposure to a receptor
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| What is used to calculate an EI value? | A histogram analysis of the distribution of radiation intensities.
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| An EI represents an approximation of the dose received by the _____________. | Receptor
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| Fuji and Konica call their EI's an _____ _______, which represents a ___________ ___________. | S Number; Sensitivity Number
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| Philips uses ______ for their exposure indicator which stands for ___________ __________. | EI; Exposure Index
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| Fuji, Konica and Philips all use values for their EI's that are __________ ___________ to the exposure received. | Inversely proportional
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| With Fuji, Konica and Phillips the higher the exposure received would do what with their EI's and what is the EI used by each? | Higher exposures = Lower EI numbers; Fuji and Konica uses the term S Number for sensitivity number; Phillips uses EI for Exposure Index
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| What does Agfa use for their exposure indicators? | lgM = logarithm of the Histogram Median
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| For Agfa, as the exposure increases what happens to their exposure indicators? | lgM increases with increasing exposure values
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| Canon uses an exposure indicator known as _______ and the value is ________ __________ to the exposure value. | REX; Directly proportional
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| The Siemens Flat Panel Detector uses an Exposure indicator value of _______. | EXI
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| If a PSP plate is processed with the wrong anatomical menu what can happen? | The image may be processed with an incorrect exposure indicator (EI) value and could display an inaccurate brightness and contrast.
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| Optimal EI ranges for PSP systems are best set by the _____________ who can evaluate the level of acceptable __________ which is very similar to the way images are evaluated in a __________ environment. | Radiologist; Noise; Analog
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| A device that may be linked directly to the x-ray unit that measures the actual patient entrance skin dose with accurately calibrated equipment is a ______ ______ _________. | Dose Area Product Meter (DAP)
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| The DAP meter is useful in determining _________ ________ dose but does not indicate the amount of ___________ received by the ___________ ___________. | Entrance Skin Dose; Exposure; Image Receptor.
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| Currently, there are _______ standards established for using a DAP meter | No
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| Film digitizers can contribute additional _____________ to digitized images if the digitizer isn't ____________ __________ or when there is ___________ or ________ on the film. | Artifacts; Properly maintained; Dust or dirt
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| When an excessively dusty or dirty film is digitized the particles deposited into the digitizer will _________ the image along with all ____________ ___________ fed into the equipment. | Degrade; Subsequent Images
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| When an image is acquired that has metal such as a prosthesis the _________ will be _____________ and indicate that the image was ____________ and will not display the proper _________ and __________. | EI; Miscalculated; Underexposed; Contrast and Brightness
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| A Histogram consists of a range of data values from low to high __________, depending on the ____________ and ____________ factors. | Exposures; Technique and Subject Factors
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| A PSP system will scan the __________ plate while a Flat-Panel receptor only analyzes the ___________ area inside the _____________ ___________. | Entire; Exposed; Collimated Border
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