Stack #132647
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| What is the difference between adjacent densities within the radiographic image? | show 🗑
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| What is the primary controlling factor for contrast? | show 🗑
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| What are the two types of contrast seen in medical radiography? | show 🗑
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| Which scale of contrast has many shades of gray? | show 🗑
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| Which scale of contrast has few shades of gray with many black and white images? | show 🗑
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| Which of the two types of contrast exhibit wide exposure latitude? | show 🗑
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| show | Short scale contrast
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| What factors compose radiographic contrast? | show 🗑
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| show | Characteristics of the film and processing
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| show | size, shape, and attenuating characteristics of the material being irradiated
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| show | Image receptor (film) contrast
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| show | improves contrast by removing scatter before it reaches the film which results in a shorter scale of contrast
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| how does increasing filtration affect contrast? | show 🗑
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| How does tighter collimation affect contrast? | show 🗑
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| show | Mas alters density of image and therefore affects contrast
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| What is different degrees of absorption in adjacent tissues that result in image contrast? | show 🗑
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| show | Differential absorption increases as the KVP is decreased; conversely, as KVP increases, more photons pass through and differential absorption decreases
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| What change in KVP is needed to make a visible change in contrast? | show 🗑
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| show | Changes should be made in increments of 8 or 15%
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| show | radiographic density (optical density)
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| What is the ratio of light incident on the film to amount of light transmitted through the film? | show 🗑
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| What is the controlling factor of density? | show 🗑
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| What factors secondarily influence density? | show 🗑
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| show | Directly, as KVP increases density increases because penetrability increases so more photons are reaching the IR
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| Why should KVP not be used to control density? | show 🗑
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| How do intensifying screens affect density? | show 🗑
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| How does increasing grid ratio affect density? | show 🗑
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| show | As SID increases, density decreases and vice versa (according to the inverse square law)
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| What effect does doubling the SID have on density? | show 🗑
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| What effect does halving the SID have on density? | show 🗑
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| show | Because filtration alters beam intensity, density decreases slightly with increases in filtration
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| What percent change in MAS makes a visible difference in density. | show 🗑
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| show | It reduces the amount of scatter radiation and therefore, reduces the overall density of the image.
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| How does tissue thickness affect density? | show 🗑
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| show | Anode (because of absorption of x-rays by the "heel of the anode")
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| show | Density maintenance formula: MAS1/MAS2=D1(D1)/D2(D2)
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| show | Density increases as developer temperature, immersion time, or replenishment rates increase: contaminated developer will decrease density
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| What is considered the useful range of optical densities? | show 🗑
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| What is the sharpness of the structural lines as recorded in the radiographic image? | show 🗑
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| show | resolution also called recorded detail
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| What are some alternate terms for resolution? | show 🗑
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| show | distortion
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| show | size and shape
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| What is the enlargement of the recorded image as compared to the actual size of the structure? | show 🗑
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| What are the two factors that control size distortion (magnification)? | show 🗑
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| How does SID affect size distortion? | show 🗑
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| How does OID affect size distortion? | show 🗑
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| show | shape distortion
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| show | magnification
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| show | MF = SID/SOD (MF=magnification factor)
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| show | foreshortening projects the object so it looks shorter than it really is
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| show | misalignment of the part
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| What is elongation of an object? | show 🗑
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| What factors cause elongation of an object? | show 🗑
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| How can distortion be reduced? | show 🗑
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| show | By using a resolution grid, resolution is measured in lines per millimeter (lp/mm)
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| How does OID affect recorded detail? | show 🗑
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| show | SID is directly proportional to recorded detail. As SID increases, recorded detail increases and vice versa. This is because shorter SID's causes an increase in magnification, thus causing a decrease in recorded detail
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| What is the unsharpness that is an inherent part of every radiographic image due to the position and shape of anatomic structures within the body? | show 🗑
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| show | focal spot
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| show | There is an increase in recorded detail as focal spot size decreases
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| show | conversion efficiency
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| What refers to the random nature in which x-rays interact with image receptor and occurs with the use of high speed screens with very low mas and high KVP and causes a grainy appearance of the image? | show 🗑
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| show | motion blur
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| show | Use the shortest possible exposure time; give proper breathing instructions; use restraining devices; use a large SID; use a small OID
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| What is most often the cause of motion blur? | show 🗑
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| show | heel affect
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| What is the imperfect unsharp shadow caused by size of the focal spot (replaces the terms penumbra and geometric unsharpness)? | show 🗑
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| show | 15%
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| Increasing or decreasing the contrast does what to density? | show 🗑
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| show | increase/decrease density and maintain density while increasing or decreasing contrast
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| What states that the blackening on the film remains constant as long as MAS remains the same and usage of mA and time combinations? | show 🗑
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| What is the exception to the Reciprocity Law? | show 🗑
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