Ch.3,4 vocab
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Culture | the way of life that distinguishes a people, for example, government, language, religion,customs, and beliefs
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| Population density | The average number of people living in a given area
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| birthrate | the number of live births each year per 1,000 people
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| immigrant | a person who moves into a country
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| emigrant | a person who leaves a country to live elsewhere
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| urbanization | the growth of city populations
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| rural | of,or characteristic of, the countryside
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| culture hearth | a place in which important ideas being and thereafter spread to surrounding cultures
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| cultural convergence | the contact and interaction of one culture with another
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| diffusion | the process by which a culture element is transmitted from one group or individual to another
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| cultural divergence | the restricted of a culture from outside influence
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| sovereignty | A country's freedom and power to decide on policies and actions
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| unitary system | A system of government in which one central government holds most of the political power
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| federation | A government structure in which some powers are given to the national government and other powers are reserved for more local governments
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| confederation | a system of government in which individual political units keep their sovereignty but give limited power to a central government
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| authoritarian | Descriptive of a system of government in which the leaders hold all political power
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| dictatorship | A system of government in which absolute power is held by a small group or one person
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| totalitarianism | A system of government in which authority controls all aspects of society
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| monarchy | A system of authority government headed by a monarch-a king, queen, shah, or sultan-whose position is usually inherited
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| democracy | A system of government in which the people are invested with the power to choose their leaders and determine government policy
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| traditional economy | An economy system in which families produce goods and services for their own use, with little surplus and exchange of goods; also know as a subsistence economy
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| market economy | An economy system in which decisions about production, price, and other economic factors are determined by the law of supply and demand
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| command economy | An economic system that is controlled by a single central government
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| natural resource | a material in the natural environment that people value and use to satisfy their needs
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| renewable resource | a natural resource that the environment continues to supply or replace as it is used
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| nonrenewable resource | a natural resource that cannot be replaced once it is used
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| fossil fuel | any one of several nonrenewable mineral resource formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals and used for fuel
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| nuclear energy | a type of energy produced by fission the splitting of uranium atoms in a nuclear reactor releasing stored energy
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| water power | energy produced from falling water to move machinery or generate electricity
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| geothermal energy | energy produced from the earth's intense interior heat
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| solar energy | energy produced by the sun
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| Primary economic activity | An economic activity that takes or uses natural resources directly, such as fishing or mining
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| subsistence farming | Farming that provides only enough for the needs of a family or village
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| commercial farming | The raising of crops and livestock for sale in markets
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| secondary economic activity | An economic activity in which people use raw materials to produce or manufacture new products of greater values
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| cottage industry | a small-scale manufacturing operation using little technology, often located in or near people's homes
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| commercial industry | a large-scale manufacturing operation that employs many people and produces large quantities of goods
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| tertiary economic activity | an economic activity in which people do not directly gather or process raw materials but pursue activities that serve others; service industry
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| quaternary economic ativity | An economic activity that focuses on the acquisition, processing, and sharing of information, such as education or research
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| export | an item that is sent out of the country for sale
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| import | an item that is brought into the country for sale
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