Macromolecule "Extra
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| show | -Involved in homeostasis
-Regulate pH
-Can donate or accept Hydrogen ions(H+)
-if pH is too high, donate H+
-if pH is too low, pick up H+
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| show | -Saturated with Hydrogen
-All bonds are single bonds
-Solid at room temperature
-Comes from animal products
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| show | -Not completely saturated with Hydrogen
-Some bonds are not single bonds
-Liquids at room temperature
-Comes from plant products
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| Hydrogenated Oils | show 🗑
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| show | -Worst of the three fats
-Made vegetable oils solid at room temperature
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| Levels of protein structure | show 🗑
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| show | -Most important structure, because it determines the structure of the other three enzyme structures
-Linear Sequence of amino acids(Determined by DNA) connected by peptide bonds
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| show | -Two different structure appearances-1)Alpha helix and 2)Beta pleated sheet
-Alpha helix looks like a coil
-Beta pleated sheet looks like a transverse wave
-Hydrogen bonds start to form between various amino acids in the chain
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| show | -The coil(alpha helix) coils
-R groups of amino acids are involved, bonds start to form between polar R groups and non-polar R groups, between positively charged R groups and negatively charged R groups
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| Characteristics of Quaternary Structure(4°) | show 🗑
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| Characteristics of Tertiary Structure(3°) cont. | show 🗑
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| show | -Two strands of Nucleotides
-Strands of the double helix are anti-parallel
-Nitrogen base groups A&T are double ringed structures(purines)
-T&C are single ringed Structures(pyrimidines)
-Number of pyrimidines is equal to the number of purines
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| DNA structure cont. | show 🗑
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| Enzyme Inhibition(Stopping) | show 🗑
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| show | -Competitive inhibition
-Non-competitive inhibition
-Feedback inhibition
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| Competitive Inhibition | show 🗑
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| show | -Another substance(other than the substrate) bonds to another site on the enzyme called the allosteric site
-When this happens it changes the shape of the active site and the substrate can't bind to the enzyme
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| Feedback Inhibition | show 🗑
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| Cell Theory | show 🗑
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| What all Cells have in common | show 🗑
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| show | -NOT LIVING!!!
-No cells
-Can't reproduce on their own
-Consist of DNA (or RNA) and proteins
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| show | -Limit to how big cells can get
-Better to have lots of little cells than one big cell
-SA/V top of fraction has to be big in order to have a large Surface Area to Volume Ratio
-As the SA of a cell increases the V also increases, but at a faster rate
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| show | -Smaller the cell, the better
-need a lot of surface area(cell membrane) to service the Volume(Cytoplasm)
-The Smaller the cell the larger the ratio
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| show | -Always single celled
-1-10 micrometers
-no nucleus
-no membrane bound organelle
-No histons or introns
-reproduce through binary fission
-1 circular chromosome
-Plasmids, nucleoids, pili, capsule
-Cell wall(peptidoglycan)
-70s Ribosomes
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| show | -Can be single celled or multi-celled
-1-100 micrometers
-Nucleus
-Many membrane bound organelles
-Have histons & introns
-Reproduce through Mitosis and Meiosis
-Many linear chromosomes
-80s Ribosomes
-Cell wall(cellulose||chitin)
-Cytoskeleton
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| show | -Big knob is called the adjustment knob
-Small knob is called the fine adjustment knob
-!The Fine adjustment knob helps you get things in focus!
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| show | Protein that DNA is wrapped around
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| show | -Commonly referred to as "junk" DNA
-Sections of DNA that don't actually code for a protein
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| show | -Controls what enters and leaves the cells
-It is selectively permeable
-All cells have it
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| show | -Move things around the cell like a stream
-Lots of chemical reactions take place here
-It is found in all cells
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| show | -Make Proteins
-Found in all cells
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| show | -Location where DNA can be found
-Only found in prokaryotic cells
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| Nucleus | show 🗑
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| Nucleolus | show 🗑
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| Pili | show 🗑
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| Plasmids | show 🗑
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| show | -Movement
-Found in Some prokaryots, some animals, and some prostists
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| show | -Extra layer of protection against antibiotics
-Prokaryotic cells only
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| Cell Wall | show 🗑
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| show | -Make ATP by doing the 2nd and 3rd steps of cellular respiration
-Eukaryots only(plants, animals, protists, fungi)
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| show | -Makes, perfects, stores, and transports proteins
-Eukaryots only
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| Smooth ER | show 🗑
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| show | -Stores perfected proteins and lipids(warehouse)
-Proteins and lipids can bi shipped from there
-Eukaryots only
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| Centrioles | show 🗑
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| Lysosomes | show 🗑
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| show | Protein filments that can contract-push and pull things around the cell
-Eukaryots only
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| show | -Make glucose by means of photosynthesis
-Plants and some protists
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| show | -Stores water; controls cell size and volume
-Temporarily stores waste
-Stores certain pigments
-Plants and some protists
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Created by:
Eott55
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