aconnolly-cellstructure
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| Cell Theory | Generalization that all living things are composed of cells, and that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
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| Organelle | Part of a cell with a specific function
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| Plasma Membrane | Thin outer boundary of a cell that regulates the traffic of chemicals between the cell and its surroundings
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| Nucleus(1) | In an atom, the central core that contains protons and neutrons
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| Nucleus(2) | In a cell, the part that houses the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA
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| Cytoplasm | Region of a cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane
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| Cell Wall | Strong wall outside a plant cell's plasma membrane that protects the cell and maintains its shape
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| Prokaryotic Cell | Cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles
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| Eukaryotic Cell | Cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles
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| Nuclear Envelope | Double membrane that surrounds a cell nucleus
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| Nucleolus | Ball-like mass of fibers and granules in a cell nucleus
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| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Network of membranes within a cell's cytoplasm that produces a variety of molecules
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| Golgi Apparatus | Cellular organelle that modifies, stores, and routes cell products
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| Vacuole | Membrane-bound sac that buds from the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus
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| Lysosome | Membrane-bound sac containing digestive enzymes that can break down proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides
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| Mitochondria | Cellular organelles where cellular respiration occurs
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| Chloroplast | Organelle found in some plant cells and certain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place
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| Ribosome | Cluster of proteins and nucleic acids that constructs proteins in a cell
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| Flagella | Long, thin, whip-like structures, with a core of microtubules, that enable some cells to move
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| Cilia | Short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface
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| Cell Specialization | The characteristic of having separate roles for each type of cell in a multicellular organism; the cells are specifically designed for a certain function; it has a certain purpose or job
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| Centriole | A minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division
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| Cytoskeleton | A microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence
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| Phospholipid Bilayer | Two-layer "sandwich" of molecules that surrounds a cell
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| Facilitated Diffusion | Pathway provided by transport proteins that helps certain molecules pass through a membrane
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| Endocytosis | Process of taking material into a cell within vesicles that bud inward from the plasma membrane
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| Pinocytosis | the ingestion of liquid into a cell by the Budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane.
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| Hypertonic Solution | Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution
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| Photosynthesis | Process by which plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars
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| ATP | (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
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| Transport Protein | A transport protein is a protein which serves The function of moving other materials within an organism
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| Active Transport | Movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by the cell
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| Exocytosis | Process of exporting proteins from a cell by a vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane and spilling the proteins outside the cell
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| Isotonic | Having a solute concentration equal to that of another solution
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| Sodium-Potassium Pump | A mechanism of active transport that moves potassium ions into and sodium ions out of a cell.
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| Cellular Respiration | Chemical process that uses oxygen to convert chemical energy stored in organic molecules into ATP
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| Aerobic | Requiring Oxygen
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| Osmosis | Passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane
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| Passive Transport | Diffusion across a membrane requiring only the random motion of molecules with no energy expended by the cell
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| Phagocytosis | The ingestion of bacteria and other material
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| Hypotonic Solution | Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution
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| Fermentation | Cellular process of making ATP without oxygen
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| Chlorophyll | Pigment that gives a chloroplast its green color; uses light energy to split water molecules during photosynthesis
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| Anaerobic | Without Oxygen
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