H G Random Xray 2
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| X-Ray Tube External Components | support system
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| parts of support system | Ceiling Support, Floor to ceiling support, C-Arm support
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| Positive side of the x-ray tube | Anode
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| needed for general purpose tubes to produce a high intensity beam for a short time | Rotating anodes
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| used in dental systems and in some portable units | Stationary
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| Two types of anodes | stationary and rotating
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| Three purposes for the anode | 1. Electrical Conductor 2. Provides mechanical support for the target 3. Acts as a good thermal regulator
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| receives electrons from the cathode and conducts them back through the cables to the high voltage generator | Electrical Conductor
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| The half value layer for soft tissue | 5 cm
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| x-rays emerging from the tube that will be incident on the patient | Useful beam
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| X-rays that do not reach the film gave | opaque area
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| X-rays that are transmitted produce useful information | produce blackness on the film
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| Only two interactions are important to radiology | Compton effect and the photoelectric effect
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| produces no useful information | compton scattering
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| X-ray photons undergo an ionizing interaction with inner shell electrons | Photoelectric effect
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| general graying of the film | Fog
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| greatest amount of x-rays emitted with energy approximately 1/3 the maximum of the highest energy photons | Bremsstrahlung radiation
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| chart is used to determine the amount of time it takes for the x-ray tube to cool | Anode cooling
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| chart is used to determine the maximum time and kVp that can be used for a given mA station | Radiographic rating
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| Heat is released by | radiation, conduction, and convection
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| 300 mA or less | focal spot is small
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| 400 mA or more | focal spot is large
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| acts as an insulator to prevent shock and to help cool the x-ray tube | oil
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| protects us from electric shock | Protective housing
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| X-Rays that escape the protective housing | leakage radiation
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| made the 1st hot cathode x-ray tube | Wiliam D. Coolidge
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| this tube was a vacuum tube in which the intensity and energy could be selected separately and accurately | hot cathode tube
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| introduced a transformer that improved the use of the Crooks tube | H.C. Snook
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| 1st US death due to x-ray radiation | 1904
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| 1st US fatality due to x-ray radiation | Clarence Dally
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| Fluroscope was developed by | Edison
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| was the 1st to use a diaphragm and an aluminum filter | William Rollins
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| Filtration | Usually aluminum
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| Uses lead shutters that move equa-distance in the vertical and horizontal direction | Collimation
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| converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) | A rectifier
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| has 100% voltage ripple because voltage varies from zero to maximum used | Single phase
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| has between 4-14% voltage ripple | Three phase
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| has 1% voltage ripple | High frequency
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| Full wave rectified power is at | 60 Hz (cycles per second)
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| Inverts the voltage of the negative half of the cycle | Full wave rectification
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| Reverts the negative to make it positive without any pauses | full wave rectification
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| secondary voltage is higher than the primary voltage | step up transformer
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| Converts low voltage from the electric company to high voltage needed for x-ray production | High Voltage generator
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| Filament operates at currents between | 3 and 6A
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| Filament temperature is controlled by | the filament current (measures in Amperes)
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| # of electrons crossing the tube from cathode to anode | Tube current
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| Supplies a precise voltage to the filament circuit and the high voltage circuit | Autotransformer
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| # of x-rays or intensity of the beam expressed in mR or mAs | Quantity
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| penetrability of the beam expressed in kVp or half value layer | Quality
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| take a certain amount of aluminum and ask how much aluminum do I need to cut the beam intensity in half | Half value layer
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| Radio waves are discussed using frequency | Hertz
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| X-rays are discussed using energy | electron volts
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| Visible light is discussed using wavelength | meters
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| Equivalent to a He nucleus | Alpha particles
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Created by:
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