Industry Terms
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| Right-to-work State | Southern States are known as these types of states because they have passed laws preventing a union and company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join a union as a condition of employment
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| Site Factors | Result from the unique characteristics of a location
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| Situation Factors | Involve transporting materials to and from a factory
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| Textile | Woven fabric
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| Trading bloc | A group of neighboring countries that promote trade with each other and erect barriers to limit trade with other blocs. Three most important trading blocs are Western Hemisphere, Western Europe, and East Asia
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| Industrial Revelution | A series of improvements in industrial
technology that transformed the process of
manufacturing goods.
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| Labor Intensive Industry | An industry for which labor costs comprise
a high percentage of total expenses.
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| Break-of-bulk point | A location where transfer is possible
from one mode of transportation to
another.
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| Bulk-gaining industry | An industry in which the final product
weighs more or comprises a greater
volume than the inputs.(locate where the product is going to be sold)
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| Bulk-reducing industry | An industry in which the final product
weighs less or comprises a lower
volume than the inputs.(Copper, Smelting, Paper, Refining, Lumber Products, Corn, Ethanol)
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| Cottage Industry | Manufacturing based in homes rather
than in a factory, commonly found
before the Industrial Revolution.
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| Fordist | Form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly.
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| Maquiladoras | Factories that cheaply assemble goods; the transnational corporations (US) take advantage of them
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| New International Division of Labor | Transfer of some types of jobs (especially
those requiring low-paid less skilled
workers) from MDCs to LDCs
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| Post Fordist | Adoption by companies of flexible work
rules, such as the allocation of workers to
teams that perform a variety of tasks.
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| Agglomeration | grouping together of of many firms from the same industry in a single area for collective or cooperative use of infrastructure and sharing of labor resources
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| Degglomeration | Occurs when advantages of agglomeration outweigh the disadvantgaes
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| Ancillary Activities | Economic activities that surround and support large-scale industries such as shipping and food service
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| Conglomerate Corporation | areas that have specially designed to promote business transactions, and thus have become centers for banking and finance
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| Deindustrialzation | loss of activity in a region
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| E-commerce | Web-based Economic Activities
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| Economic Backwaters | Regions that fail to gain from national economic development
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| Eco-Tourism | A form of tourism, based on the enjoyment of scenic areas or natural wonders, that aims to provide an experience of nature or culture in an environmentally sustainable way.
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| Footloose Firms | Manufacturing activities in which cost of transporting both raw materials and finished product is not important for determining the location of the firm
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| Fordism | System of standardized mass production attributed to Henry Ford
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| Foreign Investment | Overseas business investments made by private companies
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| Globalization | the idea that the world is becoming increasingly interconnected on a global scale such that smaller scales of political and economic life are becoming obsolete
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| Gross Domestic Product | The total value of goods and services produced within the borders of a country during a specific time period, usually one year.
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| Gross National Product | The total value of goods and services, including income received from abroad, produced by the residents of a country within a specific time period, usually one year.
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| Industrialization | Development in which countries evolve economically from producing basic, primary goods to using modern factories for mass-producing goods.
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| Industrialized Nations | those countries including, Britain, France, US, Russia, German, and Japan, that were all at the forefront of industrial production and innovation through the middle of the 20th century
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| Least Cost Theory | A concept developed by Alfred Weber to describe the optimal location of manufacturing establishment in relation to the costs of transport and labor, and the relative advantage of agglomeration or deglomeration.
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| Least COst REgions | The location where a balance between lowest land costs and lowest transportation costs is achieved. It is important because it explains the location of many businesses, particularly those in industry.
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| Outsourcing | Transfer of business components to a third party for reasons such as cheaper labor and easier access to labor.
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| Productivity | The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it.
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| Purchasing Power Parody | Equilibrium exchange rate between currencies to equalizetheir purchasing power. Importance: Shows economic prosperity and creates equzlity in trade.
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| Quartnary Quinary Economic Activities | economic activities concerned with research, information gathering, and administration
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| Regionalization | the process by which specific regions acquire characteristics that differentiate them from others within the same country
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| Renewable Resources | any natural resource that can replenish itself in a relatively short period of time, usually no longer than the length of human life
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| Rostow's Stages of Development | a model of economic development that describes a country's progression which occurs in five stages transforming them form least-developed to most-developed
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| The Rust Belt | the manufacturing region in the US that is currently debilitated because many manufacturing firms have relocated to countries offering cheaper labor and relaxed environment regulations
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| Secondary Economic Activities | economic activities concerned with the processing of raw materials such as manufacturing, construction, and power generation
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| Primary Economic Activities | economic activities in which natural resources are made available for use or further processing, including mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing
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| Service Based Economies | a financial concept that says that service is becoming more and more important in product offerings. The merging of products and service.
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| Spatially Fixed Costs | An input cost in manufacturing that remains constant wherever production is located
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| Spatially Variable Costs | Costs that vary or change depending on the location of an industrial activity.
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| Specialty Goods | Item that is extraordinary or unique enough to motivate people to make sure an unusual effort to get it.
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| Tertiary Economic Activities | Tertiary economic activities are the service industry.Trade is tertiary activity in which transportation is very important via air route,land route.
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| Export Processing Zone | Areas where governments create favorable investment and trading conditions to attract export-oriented industries
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| Manufacturing Regions | areas that have specially designed to promote business transactions, and thus have become centers for banking and finance
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| Off shore financial center | areas that have specially designed to promote business transactions, and thus have become centers for banking and finance
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| Quinary Economic Activities | service sector industries that require a high level of specialized knowledge skill (scientific research, high-level management)
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| Back Wash Effect | The negative effects on one region that result from economic growth within another region
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| Maquiladora | Factories built by the U.S. companies in
Mexico near the U.S. border, to take
advantage of much lower labor costs in
Mexico.
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| Alfred Weber's Theory of Industrialization | Where the cost are found and where they can be bought
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| a financial concept that says that service is becoming more and more important in product offerings. |
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