study guide
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| Teratogenic | -causing developmental defects
A-NO RISK
B-NO RISK IN ANIMAL STUDY
C- LITTLE RISK
D- RISK BUT CAN BE USED IN LIFE/DEATH
X- RISK OUTWEIGHS BENEFITS
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| SLUDGE | PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM
S-SALIVATION
L-LACRIMATION
D-DEFECATION
G-GI UPSET
E-EMESIS
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| OTOTOXICITY | DAMAGE TO EARS
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| ONSET, PEAK AND DURATION OF INSULIN | ONSET- MINUMUM EFFECTS 5-15 MIN. TAKEN WITH FOOD
PEAK- HIGHEST LEVEL 30-90 MIN.
ASSESS AFTER AN HOUR FOR HYPOGLYCEMIA
DURATION- THE LENGTH OF TIME 3HRS
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| HALF-LIFE | THE TIME IT TAKES FOR 1/2 OF THE ORIGINAL AMOUNT OF THE DRUG TO BE REMOVED FROM THE BODY
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| NEUROTOXICITY | DAMAGE TO THE NERVES
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| NEPHROTOXICITY | RENAL TOXICITY- DAMAGE TO THE KIDNEYS
TEST- BUM AND CREATININE
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| HEPATOXICITY | LIVER DAMAGE
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| PEAK AND TROUGH | PEAK- THE HIGHEST CONCENTRATION ON A DRUGS ABSORPTION
BLOOD SAMPLE TO DETERMINE
TROUGH- LOWEST CONCENTRATION OF A DRUG WHATS BEEN ELIMINATED. TAKEN RIGHT BEFORE NEXT DOSE.
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| AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTICS | NEOMYCIN AND PAPRAMYCIN TAKEN ORALLY TO LOWER BACTERIA IN THE BOWELS.
SIDE EFFECTS- BALANCE, URINARY OUTPUT. TINNITUS, PHOTOSENSITIVE, HEARING
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| PHARMACOKINETIC 4 PHASES | ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, METABOLISM, EXCRETION
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| PHARMACOKINETIC | PROCESS OF DRUG MOVEMENT TO ACHIEVE DRUG ACTION
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| NARCS/OPIODS | EX. MORPHINE, DEMEROL, OXY, CODEINE, HYDROCODONE
TO REVERSE- NARCAN
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| PENTOTHAL | SHORT DURATION, USED FOR RAPID INDUCTION (SURGERY)
- KEEP CLIENT WARM
-CAN DEPRESS RESPIRATORY
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| PEDIATRIC PATIENT'S DOSING OF PRINCIPLES | -MEDS ARE BASED ON WEIGHT IN KG
-THINNER, MORE POROUS SKIN, FASTER TOPICAL ABSORPTION
-IM ABSORPTION FASTER& IRREGULAR
- 2 YRS HAVE SLOWER METABOLISM
-LOWER ENZYME IN LIVER
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| MEDS FOR MYASTHENIA GRAVES | TENSILON- IS USED TO DIAGNOSIS & TREAT
MESTINON- TREATS MUST BE TAKEN BEFORE MEALS
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| ALZHEIMER'S DRUGS | ARICEPT, EXELON, COGNEX, RAZADAYNE
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| POLYPHARMACY | MANY DRUGS BY DIFFERENT DOCTORS.
INTERVENTION- SUGGEST TO THE PATIENT THAT THEY SHOULD USE THE SAME PHARMACY FOR ALL MEDS.
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| ELDERLY PHARMACOKINETICS | ABSORPTION- LOWER IN GASTRIC ACIDITY (HIGHER pH) ALTERS ABSORPTION OF WEAK ACIDIC DRUGS
DISTRIBUTION- LOWER PROTEIN BINDING SITES INCREASE CIRCULATION OD FREE DRUGS
METABOLISM- LOWER ENZYME FUNCTION, LOWER DETOXIFYING DRUGS. HIGHER RISK OF TOXICITY.
EX
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| TEST FOR RENAL FUNCTION | CREATININE CLEARANCE
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| BENZODIAZEPINES | XANAX, RESTORIL, ATIVAN
REVERSAL-ROMAZICON
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| FLAGYL | -AVOID ALCOHOL
-TAKE ON AN EMPTY STOMACH
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| MOTRIN | -REDUSES INFLAMMATION
-RELIEVES PAIN
-FEVER REDUCER
ADVERSE: GI BLEEDING
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| MACRODANTIN | TREATS ACUTE/CHRONIC \UTI
ADVERSE: SUPERINFECTION, PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY,HEMOLYTIC ANEMA
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| AMPHOTERICIN B | ANTIFUNGAL- TREATS SYSTEMATIC SUPER INFECTIONS
ADVERSE EFFECTS: HYPOTENSION, PARASYTHESIS, THROMBOPHLEBITIS ( INFLAMMATION IN VESSEL WALLS)
HIGHLY TOXIC & CAUSE NEPHROTOXCITY & ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE
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| OVERDOSE OF URECHOLINE | ATROPINE SULFATE
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| SYNERGISTIC DRUG | TWO OR MORE DRUGS GIVEN TOGETHER & COMBINED GIVE A BETTER CLINICAL EFFECT
EX)DEMEROL & PHENERGAN- BOTH CAUSE DROWSINESS
EX) ALCOHOL & VALIUM- TOGTHER RAISE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEPRESSION
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| SPINAL ANESTESIA CARE | NURSING PROCESS
-REMAIN FLAT
-INCREASE FLUIDS TO LOWER CHANCES OF SPINAL FLUID LEAKAGE/ COULD CAUSE HEADACHES
-MONITOR THE PATIENT FOR HYPERTENSION POST SURGERY
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| SECONAL | A BARBITUATE
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| TETRACYCLINE | -MAY DISCOLOR TEETH
-TAKE ON A EMPTY STOMACH
-PHOTOSENSITIVE
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| PENICILLIN | -OBTAIN CULTURE BEFORE FIRST DOSE
- TAKE 1 HR BEFORE OR 2 HRS AFTER EATING
-INTERFERS WITH CONTRACEPTIVES
-MAY CAUSE YEAST INFECTIONS
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| PARKINSONISM | MEDS TO BE TAKEN BENZTROPINE (COGENTIN)
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| ADRENERGIC ANTAGONIST (BLOCKER) | DECREASES SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
(LOL) BLOCKS BETA
EX)ATENOLOL- TREATS HYPERTENSION
ALWAYS CHECK BP & HR
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| AGONIST ADRENERGIC | SYMPATHETIC (INCREASES)
EX)EPINEPHRINE- TREATS- HYPERTENSION, ASTHMA, ALLERGIES
SIDE EFFECTS- TREMORS, N/V, DIZZINESS
ADVERSE: PALPATATIONS, TACHYCARDIA, DYSPEA
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| CHOLINGERICS AGONIST | PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM ( INCREASES)
EX) URECHOLINE- TRAETS URINARY RETENTION: INCREASES URINE OUTPUT
EX) METOCLOPRAMIDE (REGLAN) RAISES GAS EMPTYING
EX) PILOCARPINE (PILOCAR) CONSTRICTS PUPILS
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| ANTICHOLINGERICS | PARASYMPATHETIC (DRECREASES)
CHOLINGERIC BLOCKER
EX) ATROPINE- USED PEROPERATIVELY TO REDUCE SALIVATION, RAISE HR, DILATE PUPULS
SIDE: DRY MOUTH, BLURRED VISION, URINARY RETENTION
WARNING:DNU ON PATIENT WITH GLAUCOMA
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| ANTICHOLINGERICS PRECAUTIONS | BEWARE OF POSSIBLE OVERDOSE SYMPTOM, MUSCULAR WEAKNESS, LOWER MUSCLE RIDGITY, SALIVATION, HIGHER HR, RELAXED BLADDER
CONSTRICTION OF PUPILS, INCREASE BRONICHIAL SECRETION, DECREASE BP
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| MACRODANTIN & PYRIDIUM | WORK TOGETHER ON SOMEONE WHO HAS A UTI.
MACRODANTIN0- ANTIBIOTIC MAY TURN URINE BROWNISH RED
PYRIDIUM- RELIEF OF PAIN TURNS URINE ORANGE
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| NURSING IMPLICATIONS- RECIEVING OPIOD ANAGESIA | -MONITOR VS FREQUENTLY
-RECORD URINARY OUTPUT
-CHECK BOWEL SOUNDS FOR LOWER PERISTALSIS
-HAVE NARCAN AVAILABLE
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