AP Euro hist terms
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| Great Famine | show 🗑
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| show | massive outbreak of bubonic plague that swept all of Europe in the 1340’s and 1350’s. The first estimated the black plague wiped out a third of the population of European its many visits. This event would help push Europe out of the middle ages into th
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| Buba | show 🗑
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| Flagellants | show 🗑
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| show | battle during the Hundred Year’s War. Fought in 1346 in northern France, English longbowmen were hugely successful over the French army that fought there.
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| show | battle fought during the Hundred Year’s War. Fought in 1415 near the city of Arras. In this battle Henry V of England scored a huge victory over French forces and would pave the way for the English to besiege the city of Paris by 1419.
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| show | French peasant who is credited with being the driving force behind the ultimate French victory in the Hundred Year’s war. She went to the French court in 1428 and convinced the dauphin to claim his right to the throne. In 1429 she traveled with the Frenc
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| Representation | show 🗑
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| show | a feeling of unity and identity that binds a people together. During the Hundred Year’s war, both France and England fostered these feelings, and after military successes, both sides would admire their county’s military strength.
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| show | the period of time (1309-1376) that the seat of power in the Catholic Church was moved from Rome to Avignon. The French king Phillip the Fair pressured the dying Pope Clement V to do this so he could control the church. This greatly damaged the church's
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| Schism | show 🗑
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| Conciliarists | show 🗑
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| show | when peasants decided to get married the couple’s parents would have to pay this fine to the lord for the women’s marriage-since he was going to lose a worker.
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| show | these are public announcements that a couple are planning to get wed. These were usually published on three successive Sundays before the wedding. This would allow for objections to the union.
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| Jacquerie | show 🗑
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| Racism | show 🗑
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| Dalimil Chronicle | show 🗑
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| show | an attempt in Ireland to prevent intermarriage and protect the racial purity of English settlers.
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| show | cultural achievements of the 14th through 16th centuries; those achievements rest on the economic and political developments of earlier centuries.
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| Communes | show 🗑
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| popolo | show 🗑
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| signori | show 🗑
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| show | governments by the merchant aristocracy in Italian cities, such as Venice and Florence.
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| show | non-monarchical government in which political power theoretically resides in the people and is exercised by its chosen representatives.
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| princely courts | show 🗑
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| show | another basic feature of the Italian renaissance stressing personality, uniqueness, genius, self-consciousness.
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| show | term first used by Florentine rhetorician Leonard Bruni as a general word for "the new learning" the critical study of Latin and Greek literature, with the goal of realized human potential.
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| secularism | show 🗑
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| The Prince (1513) | show 🗑
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| gabelle; taille | show 🗑
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| Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges (1438) | show 🗑
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| royal council | show 🗑
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| court of Star Chamber | show 🗑
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| show | English local officials in the shires appointed by the crown and given wide authority in local government.
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| show | popular groups in Spanish towns given royal authority to serve as local police forces and as judicial tribunals with the goal of reducing aristocratic violence.
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| New Christians | show 🗑
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| show | clerical practice of holding more than one church benefice (or office) at the same time and enjoying the income from each.
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| The Imitation of Christ | show 🗑
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| ecumenical council | show 🗑
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| indulgence | show 🗑
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| show | series of imperial meetings (1521) at the bishop’s palace at Worms in the Rhineland where Luther defended his doctrines before the emperor Charles V. On 18 April Luther declared his final refusal to recant those doctrines, and on 26 May Charles V issued a
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| show | at the Diet of Speyer (1529) princes who favored church reforms along Lutheran lines protested decisions of the Catholic princes; hence, initially, Protestant meant Lutheran, but as other groups appeared, the term Protestant meant all non-Catholic Christi
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| show | Catholic doctrine of the Eucharist (ch. 10): that when the bread and wine (the elements) are consecrated by the priest at Mass, they are transformed into the actual Body and Blood of Christ.
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| show | Lutheran doctrine of the Eucharist: after consecration, the bread and wine undergo a spiritual change, become the Real Presence, but are not transformed.
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| show | Eucharistic doctrine espoused by Swiss reformer Zwingli whereby the Eucharist is a memorial of the Last Supper, but no changes occur in the elements.
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| show | offices, endowed by laypeople in many German towns, that required holders to give informed, well-prepared sermons; they helped pave the way for Protestant worship in which the sermon is the main part of the service.
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| German peasant revolts (1525) | show 🗑
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| show | Calvin’s formulation of Christian doctrine, which became a systematic theology for Protestantism.
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| predestination | show 🗑
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| Anabaptists | show 🗑
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| show | official (parliament-approved) prayer book of the church of England, containing the prayers for all services, the forms for administration of the sacraments, and a manual for the ordination of deacons, priests, bishops.
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| show | term applied to English parliamentary laws passed early in Elizabeth’s reign that required conformity to the Church of England and uniformity of church worship.
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| show | members of the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola and approved by the papacy in 1540, whose goal was the spread of the Roman Catholic faith through humanistic schools and missionary activity. The Society stressed "modern" methods in its works, a
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| Holy Office | show 🗑
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| Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559) | show 🗑
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| show | originally a pejorative term for French Calvinists, later the official title for members of the ‘Reformed religion", Calvinists.
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| St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre | show 🗑
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| politiques | show 🗑
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| show | document issued by Henry IV of France granting liberty of conscience and of public worship to Calvinists in 150 towns; it helped restore peace in France.
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| show | European stock exchange, i.e. group of people organized to provide an auction market among themselves for the buying and selling of securities in good. In the mid-16th century, the bourse at Antwerp was the largest in Europe.
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| show | alliance of 7 northern provinces (led by Holland) that declared its independence from Spain and formed the United Provinces of the Netherlands.
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| Escorial | show 🗑
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| Spanish Armada (1588) | show 🗑
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| Protestant Union (1608)/Catholic League (1609) | show 🗑
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| Peace of Westphalia (1648) | show 🗑
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| magnetic compass | show 🗑
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| astrolabe | show 🗑
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| show | a book by Spanish chronicler Fernando de Oviedo, providing an informed and reliable account of plants, animals, and peoples; widely read in Europe.
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| show | title given to 16th century Spain, because of its enormous power and influence in Europe, a power that rested on Mexican and S. American gold and silver.
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| show | economic theory that the flood of South American bullion into Europe created widespread inflation or price rise; much disputed by scholars.
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| viceroyalties | show 🗑
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| show | one-fifth: amount the Spanish crown was to receive of all precious metals mined in the Americas.
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| show | person usually a woman, believed to possess evil powers acquired by contract or association with the devil.
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| show | controversial term applied to late 17th-early 18th century style of art that originated in Rome and is associated with the Catholic Reformation; characterized by emotional intensity, strong self-confidence, and a proselytizing spirit.
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| show | the supreme authority in a political community; a modern state is said to be sovereign when it controls the instruments of justice (the courts) and the use of force (military and police powers) within geographical boundaries recognized by other states.
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| show | form of government in which sovereignty is vested in a single person, the king or queen; absolute monarchs in the 16th and 17th centuries based their authority on the theory of the divine right of king - i.e. that they had received their authority from Go
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| show | a 20th century development (and thus not to be confused with absolutism) that exalted the authority of the state and claimed that right to direct all facets of a state’s culture-law, art, education, economy, religion, etc. in the interests of the state, t
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| raison d’etat | show 🗑
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| Fronde | show 🗑
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| mercantilism | show 🗑
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| show | style of French art, architecture, and literature (ca. 1600-1750), based on admiration and imitation of Greek and Roman models but with greater exuberance and complexity.
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| Peace of Utrecht (1713) | show 🗑
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| show | novel authored by Miguel de Cervantes, perhaps the greatest work of Spanish literature. A survey of the entire fabric of Spanish society that can be read on several levels: as a burlesque of chivalric romances; as an exploration of conflicting views (idea
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| constitutionalism | show 🗑
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| show | members of a 18th century reform movement within the Church of England that advocated "purifying" it of Roman Catholic elements, such as bishops, elaborate ceremonial, the wedding ring. Calvinist in theology, Puritanism had broad cultural impact.
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| republican government | show 🗑
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| Second Treatise on Civil Government (1690) | show 🗑
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| show | political system where heads of governmental administrative departments serve as a group to advise the head of state (Prime Minister). All these ministers are drawn from the majority party in the legislature (in Britain the House of Commons).
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| States General | show 🗑
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| show | its representative, or chief executive officer in each province; in the 17th century that position was held by the sons of William the Silent of the House of Orange and was largely ceremonial.
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| Dutch East India Company (1602-1798) | show 🗑
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| serfdom | show 🗑
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| show | bound to their lords from one generation to the next as well as to the land.
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| absolutism | show 🗑
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| show | the representative body of the different estates, or legal orders in Bohemia.
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| sultan | show 🗑
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| Pragmatic Sanction | show 🗑
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| elector of Brandenburg | show 🗑
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| Junkers | show 🗑
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| Eastern Orthodoxy | show 🗑
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| boyard nobility | show 🗑
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| Mongol Yoke | show 🗑
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| autocracy | show 🗑
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| show | a newly emerging class who held the tsar’s land on the explicit condition that they serve in the tsar’s army.
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| show | free groups and outlaw armies that were formed to fight Ivan in an attempt to escape his rule.
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| baroque | show 🗑
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