Discovery of DNA, Replication, Transcription and Translation
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| Gene | a segment of DNA that is located in a chromosome that codes for a specific hereditary trait
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| Monomer | a sub unit of a macro molecule ex nuleotide/nucleic acid, amino acid/protein
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| Macromolecule/biomolecule | large macromolecule made of repeating monomers
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| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics
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| Nucleotide | In a nucleic acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.
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| Purine | A nitrogenous base that has a double ring structure, adenine or guanine.
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| Pyrimidine | A nitrogenous base that has a single ring structure; in DNA either thymine or cytosine.
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| DNA Replication | The process of making a copy of DNA
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| DNA Helicase | An enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during DNA replication.
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| DNA Polymerase | An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the DNA molecule.
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| RNA | Ribonucleic acid, a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis.
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| Messenger RNA | When DNA is transcribed in RNA, messenger RNA is the type of RNA that is produced,mRNA is complementary to the DNA sequence of a gene,the mRNA carries instructions for making a protein from a gene and delivers them to the site of translation.
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| Transfer RNA | Transfer RNA reads the mRNA sequence, then tRNA translates the mRNA sequence into a specific sequence of proteins subunits, or amino acids, tRNA molecules have amino acids attached to them and the tRNA molecules act as decoders by matching the mRNA seque
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| Ribosomal RNA | The cells cytoplasm contains thousands of ribosome’s, in eukaryotic cells ribosome’s are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, which transports proteins as the proteins are produced.
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| Gene Expression | The manifestation of the genetic material of an organism in the form of specific traits.
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| Transcription | The process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template.
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| Translation | The portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosome’s and that uses the cordons in mRNA molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains.
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| Codon | In DNA and mRNA, a three nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start signal or a stop signal.
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| Anti-Codon- | Is a three nucleotide sequence that is complementary to an mRNA codon
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| Draw and label a nucleotide | page 296
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| What are the four nucleotides of DNA and their complementary bases? | A/T, G/C
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| What did Chargraff, Watson and Crick and Franklin do? Chargraff discovered the amount of A | T and G
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| What are the three major steps of DNA replication? | Unwinding and Separating the DNA strands, Adding Complementary Bases, Formation of Two Identical DNA molecules.
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| Draw a Venn Diagram showing the similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication |
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| Compare and Contrast DNA Replication, Transcription and Translation,. Be sure to to include the end product of each. |
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| What are the three differences between DNA and RNA? | RNA is composed of one strand of nucleotides rather than two strands, RNA nucleotides contain the five carbon sugar ribose rather than the sugar deoxyribose, RNA nucleotides have a nitrogenous based called uracil instead of the base thymine.
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| Be able to take a strand of DNA for example, ATT-CTA-GAC-CCC-ATG, find the corresponding strand of mRNA,find the correspondind tRNA anti codons, and translate the mRNA code to a specific sequence of amino acids. | MRNA-UAA-GAU-CUG-GGG-UAC, TRNA-AUU-CUA-GAC-CCC-AUG, Protein Stop-aspartic acid-luecine-glycine-tyrosine
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| Be able to make a mutation to a codon causing a change in translation, that does not. |
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| What are the three good results of DNA fingerprinting? 3 bad?+Diagnosing and Preventing Disease, Treating Disease ,Indentifying Individuals |
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| What is the hereditary material of living things | DNA/ Nucleic Acids
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| Who discovered transformation? | Griffith using S and R bacteria
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| Who used radioactive P and S to determine that DNA was the hereditary material | Hershey and Chase
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| Who use enzymes that destroyed nucleic acids to show DNA was the genetic material | Avery
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