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Exam 4

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Answer
show Infants and Children, Older Adults, Polypharmacy, and Self-Prescribing of Medications.  
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show Children vary in age;weight;surface area;and the ability to absorb, metabolize, and excrete medications.  
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Polypharmacy   show
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Self-Prescribing of Medications   show
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show Routes are convenient and comfortable for patient, economical, sometimes produce local or systemic effects, and rarely cause anxiety for patient. Avoid when pt. has alterations in GI fx.  
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show Route provide means of administration when oral drugs are contraindicated, more rapid absorption occurs than with topical or oral routes, IV infusion provides drug delivery when pt is critically ill. Risk of infection, expensive, avoid with bleeding tend  
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show Skin applications primarily provide local effect, painless, limited side effects. Extensive applications are bulky and often impair physical mobility. Do not apply if skin abrasions are present.  
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show Provide prolonged systemic effects, limited side effects. Leaves oily or pasty substance on skin and soils clothing.  
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show Local application to involved sites provides therapeutic effects, aqueous solutions are readily absorbed and capable or causing systemic effects. Some embarassment with rectal or vaginal meds.  
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show Provides rapid relief for local resp problems, provides easy access for introduction of general anesthetic gases. Some local agents cause serious sytemic effects.  
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show Advantageous in that it does not require frequent administration like eye drops. Local reactions can occur. Pt. must be taught how to insert and remove disk, expensive, and contraindicated with eye infections.  
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show Access patient's perceptual or coordination problems, patient's current condition, patient's attitude about medication use, patient's knowledge and understanding of medication therapy, and patient's learning needs.  
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List 6 rights of drug administration   show
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show Depends on the fx of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. The kidneys remove wastes from the blood and urine. The ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The blader holds urine until the urge to urinate develops and urine leaves t  
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show 1-2L per day.  
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Urine Composition   show
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show Medication usage, mobility status, enviornmental barriers, sensory restrictions, past illness, major surgery, urinary diversion, personal habits, fluid intake, age.  
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Techniques used to assess urinary elimination   show
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Identify cx.for normal and abnormal urine.   show
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Nursing interventions for clients with urinary elmination problems   show
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Describe techniques for collectin urine specimens   show
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Diuretics   show
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show peristalsis and in small intestine there is both digestion and absorption.  
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Explain how psychological and physiological factors influence bowel elimination.   show
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Constipation   show
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show results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that the patient is unable to expel. Oozing of diarrhea stoll develop.  
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