Cell Vocabulary
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| Cell Theory | All living things are made of cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure in living things. New cells come only from existing cells.
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| animal cell | Cells that get their energy from food.
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| plant cell | Cells that get their energy from sunlight.
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| prokaryotic | No nucleus in the cell
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| eukaryotic | Cells contain a nucleus
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| unicellular | One cell
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| multicellular | Many cells
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| specialized cell | A cell in a multicelled living thing that performs only one job.
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| unspecialized cell | A cell that must be a unicellular organisms because it must do all things necessary to stay alive.
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| organelle | “Little organs”, or small bodies inside a cell’s cytoplasm that have specific roles to perform that keep the cell functioning properly.
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| cell wall | Firm outermost part of a plant cell; not found in animal cells
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| cell membrane | Thin soft layer of a cell; outer layer of animal cells;layer inside cell wall in plant cells
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| nucleus | “Boss” of the cell, it runs the cell
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| nucleolus | A dark area in the nucleus where a cell begins to make its ribosomes.
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| DNA | A master copy of instructions for cell function and structure
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| vacuole | Storeroom of the cell
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| cytoplasm | Gooey stuff that holds the cell together
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| chloroplast | Organelle where plant cells make their own food (photosynthesis)
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| mitochondria | where energy for the cell is made; “the mighty mitochondria”
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| endoplasmic reticulum | Transports material within the cell through a system of folded membranes
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| ribosome | Builds proteins to make new cells
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| Golgi body | Makes and packages materials to be transported out of the cell
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| lysosome | Destroys or digests wastes in the cell
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| chromosomes | Directs the cells on what must be made; they are inside the nucleus
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| diffusion | Movement of molecules from high concentrations to low concentrations
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| osmosis | Diffusion of WATER molecules through a membrane
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| cell respiration | Burning of food and oxygen in the mitochondria to create energy: Food + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide, Water & Energy
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| photosynthesis | The making of sugar as food in the chloroplasts of plant cells: Light + Carbon Dioxide + Water = Sugar & Oxygen
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| active transport | The movement of molecules into or out of a cell involving the use of energy by the cell
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| passive transport | The movement of molecules into or out of cells involving no use of energy by the cell
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| endocytosis | The engulfing of many molecules or an object by a cell’s membrane
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| exocytosis | The release of a particle by moving it from inside the cytoplasm through the cell membrane
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| selectively permeable | Allows certain (but not all) chemicals to pass through the membrane
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| cytokinesis | The division of the cytoplasm of the cell
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| mitosis | Process by which a cell forms two cells to help replace a dead cell or to help us grow
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| interphase | The chromatin is copied
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| prophase | Chromatin shrinks down to form 46 doubled chromosomes which are loosely scattered in the center of the cell.
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| metaphase | The doubled chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
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| anaphase | Each doubled chromosome separates into two single chromosomes and they are pulled toward the opposite poles (ends) of the cell
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| telophase | A membrane forms around each set of chromosomes and the chromosomes unwind. Mitosis is complete.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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