meiosis and accompanying words
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| meiosis | sexual reproduction also known as gametogenesis where you produce gametes with haploid number
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| haploid or n | 1/2 of the chromosomes or 1 version of every chromosome
another name for haploid is monoploid
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| what is a gamete? | egg sometimes called an ovum (n chromosomes)
sperm (n chromosomes) these are sex cells
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| how many rounds of cell division take place in meiosis? | 2 rounds
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| The only way to pass a trait to the offspring is how? | through the gametes
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| during the S phase of the cell cycle during interphase what happens in meiosis? | duplicate chromatin creating sister chromatids just like mitosis
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| what is fertilization during sexual reproduction? | egg (n) + sperm (n) produce zygote (2n)
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| what is a zygote? | a fertilized egg created from egg and sperm joining together and you end up with diploid number of chromosomes
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| egg and sperm are also called what? | germ cells
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| where does meiosis take place? | in the gonads which are the ovaries in the female and testes in the males
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| what are gonads in females called? | ovaries
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| what are gonads in males called? | testes
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| what is spermatogenesis | the process in human males where the sex cells divide and form 4 haploid sperm cells
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| what is oogenesis | the process in human females where the sex cells divide and form 1 haploid egg and 3 polar bodies
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| in a human how many chromosomes are in a diploid cell? | 46
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| in a human how many chromosomes are in a haploid cell? | 23
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| how many sperm cells are produced in a male for each diploid cell? | 4 sperm cells
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| how many eggs are produced in a female for each diploid cell? | 1 egg and 3 polar bodies
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| how many eggs does a female make per month? | 1 egg or ovum
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| which has most of the cytoplasm in females the egg or the polar bodies? | egg has most of the cytoplasm and polar bodies has very little
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| what are the 2 main events that take place in prophase I | forming a tetrad and crossing over
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| what is crossing over? | exchange of genetic material between sister chromosomes during prophase I
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| what is the advantage of crossing over? | makes chromosomes more genetically diverse that leads to a more diverse offspring
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| what is a tetrad? | 4 sister chromatids together or chromosomes when you can see them
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| in metaphase I what lines up in the middle of the cell? | tetrads
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| in prophase I what happens? | nucleus disappears, chromosomes are formed, tetrads formed, crossing over takes place
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| what is produced at the end of telophase I and cytokinesis I? | 2 daughter cells that are n or haploid
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| Meiosis II ensures what? | that each cell has a single copy of each chromosome
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| in a male at the end of cytokinesis II what is formed? | 4 haploid sperm cells
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| in a female at the end of cytokinesis II what is formed? | 1 egg cell and 3 polar bodies
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| when a tetrad is formed what is that process called? | synapsis
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