Physics (GCSE) Revision (Energy)
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| Energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can be . . . | show | For example: electricity into light.
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| When different parts of a substance are at different temperatures, energy is transferred from . . . | high temperature to lower temperature. | show 🗑
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| When heat is transferred between solids the process is called . . . | Conduction | show 🗑
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| Liquids and gases can flow and so can transfer energy by . . . | Convection | show 🗑
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| Energy can travel through a vacuum by . . . | RADIATION | show 🗑
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| show | INFRA-RED radiation. | The hotter the body, the shorter the wavelength of radiation emitted.
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| Dark, matt (dull) surfaces are good . . . | absorbers AND emitters of radiation. | show 🗑
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| Light, shiny surfaces are good . . . | show | Shiny surfaces are also poor emitters - they keep heat in.
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| If you want to insulate your house you could . . . | show | All these methods are used and more. Can you think of any?
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| When energy is transferred only some it of is useful, the rest is transferred in some non-useful way, usually as . . . | heat, which is wasted. | show 🗑
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| show | the surroundings become warmer. | This can be put to good use to heat homes - but it needs careful planning.
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| Energy lost from a system becomes increasingly spread out and it is therefore . . . | show | Low grade heat is not useful because the temperature difference is small.
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| show | more EFFICIENT. | NOTHING is ever 100% efficient!
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| The efficiency of a device is calculated by finding the ratio . . . | show | Usually less than 90%
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| Renewable energy resources are ones which can be . . . | show | At least not within the expected lifetime of the Sun.
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| Non-renewable resources are ones which . . . | are finite and which cannot be replaced during the lifetime of a human. | show 🗑
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| show | formed over millions of years deep inside the Earth. | They are not going to be replaced - ever!
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| show | Non-renewable resources - they are fossil fuels. | The conditions which created them are unlikely to occur again on this planet.
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| Wind, wave, tidal, geothermal and solar energy are examples of . . . | show | The sun has over 5 billion years to live - we hope!
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| Most of the energy presently used by humans comes from non-renewable resources. We need to save them because . . . | the more economical we are, the longer they will last. | show 🗑
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| show | one day the fossil fuels will run out. | We depend on oil for most of our transport.
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| Wood from trees is a renewable energy resource providing that . . . | show | The Amazon basin is being deforested at an alarming rate !
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| show | it can easily be transferred into other forms of energy. | Think how many devices in your home use electricity.
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| show | heat water to produce steam. | High pressure steam is used to drive turbines which are connected to generators.
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| Nuclear power stations use nuclear fuel, mainly . . . | uranium and plutonium | show 🗑
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| Renewable energy resources can also be used to produce electricity. These include . . . | wind, waves, hydro-electric and geothermal energy. | show 🗑
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| show | the decay of radioactive elements in Earth's crust which release heat. | In volcanic areas hot water and steam rise to the surface and can be tapped.
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| show | solar cells | Passive solar heating can also be used to heat homes and offices.
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| Burning fossil fuels releases a gas called . . . | carbon dioxide and also sulphur dioxide. | show 🗑
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| The presence of CO2 in the Earth's atmosphere leads to . . . | show | Heat from the Sun is trapped and cannot escape to space.
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| The presence of SO2 in gases emitted by power stations causes . . . | acid rain which destroys trees. | show 🗑
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| Nuclear power stations do not produce harmful gases. The main risk is from . . . | show | Chernobyl in 1987 was a serious accident which affected all of Europe.
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| The main disadvantage of nuclear power is . . . | show | No one wants it in their backyard.
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| show | We need thousands of wind turbines and they look unsightly in the countryside. | Also they need wind, which isn't always there when you need it.
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| A tidal barrage across a river estuary can produce a lot of energy. Why don't we have lots of them? | They are costly and destroy wildlife. | show 🗑
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| Hydroelectricity is a good way of producing cheap electricity. What are the drawbacks? | You need suitably high mountain reservoirs and they change the landscape permanently. | show 🗑
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| show | It takes too long to start and stop them. | We need to top-up our electricity supply at peak times using HEP and gas turbines.
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| The most expensive way to produce electricity at present is by . . . | show | They have a high cost per unit but are suitable for remote locations.
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| Energy is normally measured in . . . | show | 1 J is the work done when a force of 1N moves through a distance of 1metre in the same direction as the force acts.
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| When a force acts on an object, the work done is equal to . . . | show | W = F x s
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| Work done by a force = | force x distance moved in the direction of the force | show 🗑
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| show | power | in joules per second
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| show | watt | 1W = 1J/s
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| Power = | work done / time taken | show 🗑
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| The energy stored in an object which has been lifted against the force of gravity is . . . | gravitational potential energy | show 🗑
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| show | weight x change in vertical height | weight = mg
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| Weight = | show | 9 = 10 N/kg
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| The gravitational field strength at the surface of the Earth is approximately . . . | show | g = 10 N/kg
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| A body falling freely in Earth's gravity will accelerate at . . . | show | g = 10 m/s^2
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| show | kinetic energy | energy of motion
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| show | 1/2m v^2 | 1/2 mass x speed squared
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| When energy is transferred from one form to another the total amount of energy is . . . | conserved | show 🗑
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| How much energy dya need 2 hav ur MUM | WEll | show 🗑
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Created by:
J Thomson
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