ARRT Review: Radiation Protection
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| What has to do with the irradiation of water molecules and the formation of free radicals? | radioloysis (Lang Q&A, 161)
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| What devices are personnel radiation monitors that use lithium fluoride crystals? | TLDs (Lang Q&A, 163)
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| What radiation consists of leakage and scattered radiation? | Secondary Radiation (Lang Q&A, 163)
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| What happens in photoelectric effect? | a relatively low-energy photon uses all its energy to eject an inner-shell electron, leaving a vacancy (Lang Q&A, 162)
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| What happens to intensity of the xray as an xray source moves away from an absorber? | the intensity(quantity) decreases (Lang Q&A, 162)
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| How many times should the xray beam scatter before reaching the operator? | twice (Lang Q&A, 163)
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| What time of affects occur years after inital exposure and are caused by low, chronic exposures? | late somatic effects (Lang Q&A, 163)
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| What are some examples of late somatic effects? | cataract and cancer (Lang Q&A, 163)
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| What is the annual occupational whole-body dose-equivalent limit? | 50 mSv (5 rem) (Lang Q&A, 163)
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| What is the annual occupational dose limit for the lens of the eye? | 150 mSv (15 rem) (Lang Q&A, 163)
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| What is the annual occupational dose limit for the thyroid, skin and extremeities? | 500 mSv (500 mrem) (Lang Q&A, 163)
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| How is the selected mAs related to patient dose? | directly (Lang Q&A, 163)
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| How is kV related to patient dose? | inversely (Lang Q&A, 163)
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| When does scattering occur? | When there is aprtial transfer of the proton's energy to matter (compton effect) (Lang Q&A, 165)
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| When does absorption occur? | When an xray photon interacts with matter and disappears (photoelecteic effect) (Lang Q&A, 165)
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| What refers to the a directional characteristic of the xray beam as it is emitted from the focal spot? | divergence (Lang Q&A, 165)
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| What is attenuation? | When the reduction in the intensity (quantity) of an xray beam as it passes through matter (Lang Q&A, 165)
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| What cells are more radiosensitive? | immature/undifferentiated/stem cells (Lang Q&A, 165)
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| What monitoring device uses aluminum oxide crystals? | OSL dosimeters (Lang Q&A, 165)
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| Lead aprons must contain what amount of protection? | at least .25 mm Pb (.5 is recommended) (Lang Q&A, 165)
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| What is the acronym for radiation absorbed dose and measures the energy deposited in any material? | Rad (Lang Q&A, 167)
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| What refers to tissue without oxygen? | anoxic (Lang Q&A, 167)
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| What refers to tissue with little oxygen? | hypoxic (Lang Q&A, 167)
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| When is tissue sensitive to radiation? | tissue is most sensitive when it is oxygenated and least sensitive when it is devoid of oxygen (Lang Q&A, 167)
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| What is a reddening of the skin very much like a sunburn? | erythema (Lang Q&A, 167)
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| What is dry peeling of the skin? | dry desquamation (Lang Q&A, 167)
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| What is peeling with associated puss-like fluid? | moist dequamation (Lang Q&A, 167)
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| What is hair loss? | epilation (Lang Q&A, 167)
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| What is the unit of exposure? | Roentgen (Lang Q&A, 167)
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| What is the acronym for radiation equivalent man? | Rem (Lang Q&A, 167)
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| What is the fundamental prinicple of operation of both film badge and the pocket dosimeter? | ionization (Lang Q&A, 171)
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| What describes the percentage of time that the primary beam is directed toward a particular wall? | use factor (Lang Q&A, 171)
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| What is determined by ta reflection of who occupies particular areas? | occupancy (Lang Q&A, 171)
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| What is determined by the number of xray exposures made per week? | workload (Lang Q&A, 171)
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