Ap World History - Summerville High School
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean.
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| Alexander the Great | show 🗑
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| Olympic Games | show 🗑
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| Pericles | show 🗑
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| Peloponnesian War | show 🗑
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| Philip of Macedonia | show 🗑
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| Hellenistic | show 🗑
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| show | the balanced political system of Rome from circa 510 to 47 B.C.E.; featured an aristocratic senate, a panel of magistrates, and popular assemblies.
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| Punic Wars | show 🗑
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| Carthage | show 🗑
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| show | Carthaginian general during the second Punic War; invaded Italy but failed to conquer Rome.
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| show | general responsible for the conquest of Gaul; brought army back to Rome and overthrew republic; assassinated in B.C.E. by conservative senators.
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| Caesar Augustus | show 🗑
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| show | Roman emperor from 284 to 305 C.E.; restored later empire by improved administration and tax collection.
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| show | Roman emperor from 312 to 337 C.E.; established second capital at Constantinople; attempted to use religious force of Christianity to unify empire spiritually.
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| Polis | show 🗑
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| show | literally, rule of the people—in Athens, it meant all free male citizens; all decisions emanated from the popular assembly without intermediation of elected representatives.
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| show | assembly of Roman aristocrats; advised on policy within the republic; one of the early elements of the Roman constitution.
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| show | two chief executives of the Roman republic; elected annually by the assembly dominated by the aristocracy.
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| show | Greek philosopher; teacher of Alexander; taught that knowledge was based upon observation of phenomena in material world.
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| Cicero | show 🗑
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| Stoics | show 🗑
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| show | Athenian philosopher of later 5th century B.C.E.; tutor of Plato; urged rational reflection in moral decisions; condemned to death for corrupting minds of Athenian young.
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| show | Greek writer of tragedies; author of Oedipus Rex.
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| Iliad and Odyssey | show 🗑
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| show | three distinct styles of Hellenic architecture; listed in order of increasing ornate quality.
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| Diocletian | show 🗑
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| show | Roman emperor (321–337 C.E.); established his capital at Constantinople; used Christianity to unify the empire.
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| Byzantine Empire | show 🗑
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| show | North African Christian theologian; made major contributions in incorporating elements of classical philosophy into Christianity.
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| show | prophet and teacher among the Jews; believed by Christians to be the Messiah; executed c. 30 C.E.
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| show | one of the first Christian missionaries; moved away from insistence that adherents of the new religion follow Jewish law; use of Greek as language of Church.
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| show | Bishop of Rome; head of the Catholic church in western Europe.
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| Council of Nicaea | show 🗑
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| show | founder of monasticism in the former western half of the Roman Empire; established the Benedictine rule in the 6th century.
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| show | invasions of western Christians into Muslim lands, especially Palestine; captured Jerusalem and established Christian kingdoms enduring until 1291.
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| show | great domed church constructed during reign of Justinian.
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| Belisarius | show 🗑
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| show | Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals that ignited when exposed to water; used to drive back the Arab fleets attacking Constantinople.
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| Bulgaria | show 🗑
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| icon | show 🗑
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| show | Byzantine missionaries sent to convert eastern Europe and Balkans; responsible for creation of Slavic written script called Cyrillic.
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| show | commercial city in Ukraine established by Scandinavians in 9th century; became the center for a kingdom that flourished until the 12th century.
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| show | legendary Scandinavian, regarded as founder of Kievan Rus’ in 855.
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| Kievan Rus’ | show 🗑
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| Vladimir I | show 🗑
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| Russian Orthodoxy | show 🗑
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| Yaroslav | show 🗑
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| show | Russian landholding aristocrats; possessed less political power than their western European counterparts.
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| Tatars | show 🗑
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| Middle Ages | show 🗑
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| show | seagoing Scandinavian raiders who disrupted coastal areas of Europe from the 8th to 11th centuries; pushed across the Atlantic to Iceland, Greenland, and North America. Formed permanent territories in Normandy and Sicily.
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| show | rural system of reciprocal relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages; peasants exchanged labor for use of land and protection.
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| serfs | show 🗑
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| moldboard | show 🗑
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| three-field system | show 🗑
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| Clovis | show 🗑
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| show | royal house of Franks from 8th to 10th century.
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| show | first Carolingian king of the Franks; defeated Muslims at Tours in 732.
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| show | Carolingian monarch who established large empire in France and Germany circa 800.
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| Holy Roman emperors | show 🗑
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| vassals | show 🗑
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| show | invaded England from Normandy in 1066; established tight feudal system and centralized monarchy in England.
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| Magna Carta | show 🗑
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| parliaments | show 🗑
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| three estates | show 🗑
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| Hundred Years War | show 🗑
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| show | organized the first Crusade in 1095; appealed to Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim control.
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| Gregory VII | show 🗑
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| show | the practice of appointment of bishops; Pope Gregory attempted to stop lay investiture, leading to a conflict with the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV.
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| Peter Abelard | show 🗑
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| show | emphasized role of faith in preference to logic; stressed importance of mystical union with God; successfully challenged Abelard and had him driven from the universities.
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| Thomas Aquinas | show 🗑
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| scholasticism | show 🗑
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| show | an architectural style that developed during the Middle Ages in western Europe; featured pointed arches and flying buttresses as external supports on main walls.
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| Hanseatic League | show 🗑
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| guilds | show 🗑
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| show | bubonic plague that struck Europe in the 14th century; significantly reduced Europe’s population; affected social structure.
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| Golden Horde | show 🗑
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| show | four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan.
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| show | Russian victory over the forces of the Golden Horde; helped break Mongol hold over Russia.
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| show | a mythical Christian monarch whose kingdom supposedly had been cut off from Europe by the Muslim conquests; some thought he was Chinggis Khan.
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| Berke | show 🗑
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| Timur-i Lang | show 🗑
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| show | cultural and political elite movement beginning in Italy circa 1400; rested on urban vitality and expanding commerce; produced literature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the European Middle Ages.
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| show | Italian author and humanist; a major literary figure of the Renaissance.
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| Castile and Aragon | show 🗑
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| Vivaldi | show 🗑
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| da Gama, Vasco | show 🗑
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| show | Portuguese prince; sponsored Atlantic voyages; reflected the forces present in late postclassical Europe.
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| show | created by Europeans during the late 16th century; based on control of the seas; established an international exchange of foods, diseases, and manufactured products.
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| show | southern tip of Africa; first circumnavigated in 1488 by Portuguese in search of direct route to India.
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| show | Italian navigator in the service of Aragon and Castile; sailed west to find a route to India and instead came upon the Americas in 1492.
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| show | British and Dutch trading companies that obtained government monopolies of trade to India and Asia; acted independently in their regions.
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| show | naval battle between Spain and the Ottoman Empire resulting in Spanish victory in 1571; demonstrated European naval superiority over Muslims.
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| core nations | show 🗑
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| show | the colonial economic policy, by which a colonizing nation must import only from its own colonies, but sell exports as widely as possible.
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| show | people of mixed European and Native American heritage.
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| show | (1475?–1517), Spanish adventurer; explored Central America.
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| Francisco Pizarro (1478–1541) | show 🗑
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| New France | show 🗑
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| Seven Years’ War | show 🗑
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| Treaty of Paris | show 🗑
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| Cape Colony | show 🗑
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| show | Dutch and other European settlers in Cape Colony before 19th-century British occupation; later called Afrikaners.
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| show | British East India Company headquarters in Bengal; captured in 1756 by Indians; later became administrative center for populous Bengal.
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| show | author of The Prince; emphasized realistic discussions of how to seize and maintain power.
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| show | philosophy, or ideology, with a focus on humanity as the center of intellectual and artistic endeavor.
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| show | cultural and intellectual movement of northern Europe; influenced by earlier Italian Renaissance; centered in France, Low Countries, England, and Germany; featured greater emphasis on religion than the Italian Renaissance.
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| Francis I | show 🗑
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| show | introduced movable type to western Europe in the 15th century; greatly expanded the availability of printed materials.
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| European-style family | show 🗑
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| Martin Luther | show 🗑
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| Protestantism | show 🗑
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| show | form of Protestantism in England established by Henry VIII.
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| show | French Protestant who stressed doctrine of predestination; established center of his group in Geneva; in the long run encouraged wider public education and access to government.
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| Catholic Reformation | show 🗑
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| Jesuits | show 🗑
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| Edict of Nantes | show 🗑
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| Thirty Years War | show 🗑
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| Treaty of Westphalia | show 🗑
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| English Civil War | show 🗑
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| proletariat | show 🗑
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| show | outburst reflecting uncertainties about religious truth and resentments against the poor, especially women.
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| Scientific Revolution | show 🗑
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| show | Polish monk and astronomer; disproved Hellenistic belief that the sun was at the center of the universe.
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| show | resolved basic issues of planetary motion and accomplished important work in optics.
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| show | publicized Copernicus’s findings; added own discoveries concerning the laws of gravity and planetary motion; condemned by the Catholic church for his work.
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| William Harvey | show 🗑
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| show | English philosopher, statesmen, author, and scientist; best known for work on the scientific method.
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| René Descartes | show 🗑
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| show | English scientist; author of Principia; drew the various astronomical and physical observations and wider theories together in a neat framework of natural laws; established principles of motion and defined forces of gravity.
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| Deism | show 🗑
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| show | English philosopher who argued that people could learn everything through their senses and reason; argued that the power of government came from the people, not from the divine right of kings; they had the right to overthrow tyrants.
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| absolute monarchy | show 🗑
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| Louis XIV | show 🗑
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| Glorious Revolution | show 🗑
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| parliamentary monarchy | show 🗑
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| show | Prussian king who introduced Enlightenment reforms; included freedom of religion and increased state control of the economy.
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| show | intellectual movement centered in France during the 18th century; argued for scientific advance, the application of scientific methods to study human society; believed that rational laws could describe social behavior.
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| show | established new school of economic thought; argued that governments should avoid regulation of economies in favor of the free play of market forces.
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| Denis Diderot | show 🗑
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| Mary Wollstonecraft | show 🗑
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| mass consumerism | show 🗑
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| proto-globalization | show 🗑
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| show | monarchs of Christian kingdoms; their marriage created the kingdom of Spain; initiated exploration of the New World.
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| Treaty of Tordesillas | show 🗑
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| letrados | show 🗑
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| Recopilación | show 🗑
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| show | Spanish government body that issued all laws and advised king on all issues dealing with the New World colonies.
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| War of the Spanish Succession | show 🗑
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| show | Spanish monarch (1759–1788); instituted fiscal, administrative, and military reforms in Spain and its empire.
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| José de Galvez | show 🗑
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| Marquis of Pombal | show 🗑
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| show | a popular revolt against Spanish rule in New Granada in 1781; suppressed as a result of government concessions and divisions among rebels.
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| show | Prince of the Duchy of Moscow; responsible for freeing Russia from the Mongols; took the title of tsar (caesar).
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| Ivan IV (the Terrible) | show 🗑
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| show | peasant-adventurers with agricultural and military skills, recruited to conquer and settle in newly seized lands in southern Russia and Siberia.
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| Time of Troubles | show 🗑
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| show | ruled Russia from 1613 to 1917.
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| Alexis Romanov | show 🗑
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| show | conservative Russians who refused to accept the ecclesiastical reforms of Alexis Romanov; many were exiled to southern Russia or Siberia.
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| Peter I (the Great) | show 🗑
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| Catherine the Great | show 🗑
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| Pugachev rebellion | show 🗑
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| show | three separate divisions of Polish territory between Russia, Prussia, and Austria in 1772, 1793, and 1795; eliminated Poland as an independent state.
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| Mehmed II | show 🗑
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| Janissaries | show 🗑
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| Macao and Canton | show 🗑
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| show | Jesuit scholars at the Ming court; also skilled scientists; won few converts to Christianity.
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| caravels | show 🗑
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| Asian sea trading network | show 🗑
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| show | proponents of mercantilism; an economic theory that gave central importance to maintaining a positive balance of trade with other nations.
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| show | Portuguese establishment at the southern end of the Persian Gulf; a major trading base.
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| Goa | show 🗑
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| show | European trading fortresses and compounds with resident merchants; used throughout the Portuguese trading empire to ensure secure landing places and commerce.
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| Batavia | show 🗑
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| show | the Dutch system extending into Asia with fortified towns and factories, warships on patrol, and monopoly control of a limited number of products.
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| show | island of the northern Philippines; conquered by Spain during the 1560s; site of a major Catholic missionary effort.
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| Mindanao | show 🗑
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| show | Franciscan missionary who worked in India during the 1540s among outcast and lower-caste groups; later worked in Japan.
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| show | Italian Jesuit active in India during the early 1600s; failed in a policy of converting indigenous elites first.
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| age of revolution | show 🗑
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| population revolution | show 🗑
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| proto-industrialization | show 🗑
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| American Revolution | show 🗑
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| French Revolution | show 🗑
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| show | Bourbon ruler of France who was executed during the radical phase of the French Revolution.
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| show | adopted during the French Revolution; proclaimed the equality of French citizens; became a source document for later liberal movements.
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| show | introduced as a method of humane execution; utilized during the French Revolution against thousands of individuals, especially during the Reign of Terror.
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| show | political viewpoint with origins in western Europe; often allied with other “isms”; urged importance of national unity; valued collective identity based on culture, race, or ethnic origin.
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| Napoleon Bonaparte | show 🗑
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| Congress of Vienna | show 🗑
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| show | political viewpoint with origins in western Europe during the 19th century; opposed revolutionary goals; advocated restoration of monarchy and defense of church.
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| show | political ideology that flourished in 19th-century western Europe; stressed limited state interference in private life, representation of the people in government; urged importance of constitutional rule and parliaments.
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| radical | show 🗑
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| show | rebellion of the Greeks against the Ottoman Empire in 1820; a key step in the disintegration of the Turkish Balkan empire.
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| Reform Bill of 1832 | show 🗑
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| show | attempt by British artisans and workers to gain the vote during the 1840s; demands incorporated into a series of petitions or charters.
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| Louis Pasteur | show 🗑
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| American Civil War (1861–1865) | show 🗑
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| show | political system in late 19th-century Italy that promoted alliance of conservatives and liberals.
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| show | issues relating to workers and women in western Europe during the Industrial Revolution; became more critical than constitutional issues after 1870.
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| socialism | show 🗑
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| show | German socialist who saw history as a class struggle between groups out of power and those controlling the means of production; preached the inevitability of social revolution and the creation of a proletarian dictatorship.
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| show | socialist thought that disagreed with Marx’s formulation; believed that social and economic progress could be achieved through existing political institutions.
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| show | sought legal and economic gains for women, among them equal access to professions and higher education; came to concentrate on the right to vote; won initial support from middle-class women.
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| show | an aspect of the later Industrial Revolution; decreased time at work and offered opportunities for new forms of leisure time, such as vacation trips and team sports.
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| Charles Darwin | show 🗑
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| show | alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy at the end of the 19th century; part of the European balance of power system before World War I.
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| show | agreement between Britain, Russia, and France in 1907; part of the European balance of power system before World War I.
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| Balkan nationalism | show 🗑
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| Holy Alliance | show 🗑
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| Decembrist rising | show 🗑
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| show | began with a Russian attack on the Ottoman Empire; France and Britain joined on the Ottoman side; resulted in a Russian defeat because of Western industrial might; led to Russian reforms under Alexander II.
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| show | Alexander II in 1861 ended serfdom in Russia; serfs did not obtain political rights and had to pay the aristocracy for lands gained.
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| show | local political councils created as part of Alexander II’s reforms; gave middle-class professionals experience in government but did not influence national policy.
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| show | constructed during the 1870s and 1880s to connect European Russia with the Pacific; increased the Russian role in Asia.
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| Sergei Witte | show 🗑
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| intelligentsia | show 🗑
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| show | political groups that thought the abolition of formal government was a first step to creating a better society; became important in Russia and was the modern world’s first large terrorist movement.
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| show | Russian Marxist leader; insisted on the importance of disciplined revolutionary cells.
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| show | literally the majority party, but actually a minority group; the most radical branch of the Russian Marxist movement; led by Lenin.
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| Russo-Japanese War | show 🗑
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| show | Russian national assembly created as one of the reforms following the Revolution of 1905; progressively stripped of power during the reign of Nicholas II.
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| show | Russian minister who introduced reforms intended to placate the peasantry after the Revolution of 1905; included reduction of land redemption payments and an attempt to create a market-oriented peasantry.
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| show | agricultural entrepreneurs who used the Stolypin reforms to buy more land and increase production.
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| terakoya | show 🗑
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| Archduke Ferdinand | show 🗑
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| Sarajevo | show 🗑
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| show | war line between Belgium and Switzerland during World War I; featured trench warfare and massive casualties among combatants.
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| show | Russian tsar; (r. 1894–1917); executed 1918.
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| show | World War I battle, 1915; unsuccessful attempt in defense of the Dardanelles.
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| show | launched by Young Turk leaders in 1915; claimed up to one million lives.
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| show | war zone from the Baltic to the Balkans where Germans, Austro-Hungarians, Russians, and Balkan nations fought.
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| Adolph Hitler | show 🗑
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| Georges Clemenceau | show 🗑
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| show | British prime minister; attempted to mediate at peace conference between Clemenceau and Wilson.
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| show | right of people in a region to determine whether to be independent.
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| League of Nations | show 🗑
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| National Congress party | show 🗑
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| B. G. Tilak | show 🗑
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| show | provided Indians with expanded opportunities to elect and serve on local and national legislative councils.
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| show | increased national powers of Indian legislators and placed provincial administrations under ministries controlled by Indian-elected legislatures.
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| Rowlatt Act (1919) | show 🗑
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| show | Western-educated Indian lawyer and nationalist politician with many attributes of an Indian holy man; stressed nonviolent tactics and headed the movement for Indian independence.
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| show | “truth force”; Gandhi’s policy of nonviolent opposition to British rule.
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| Lord Cromer | show 🗑
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| show | prosperous business and professional urban Egyptian families; generally favored independence.
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| show | 1906 fracas between British soldiers and Egyptian villagers that resulted in an accidental Egyptian death; Egyptian protest led to harsh repression that stimulated nationalist sentiment.
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| show | also known as Mustafa Kemal; president of Turkey, (r. 1923–1938); responsible for Westernization of Turkey.
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| show | sherif of Mecca; supports British in World War I for promise of independence following the war.
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| mandates | show 🗑
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| Zionism | show 🗑
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| show | British promise of support for the establishment of Jewish settlement in Palestine.
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| show | European Zionist who believed that Jewish acceptance in Christian nations was impossible; argued for a return to the Jewish Holy Land.
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| show | Austrian Zionist; formed World Zionist Organization in 1897; was unsympathetic to Arabs and promoted Jewish immigration into Palestine to form a Jewish state.
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| Alfred Dreyfus | show 🗑
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| cubist movement | show 🗑
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| show | Fascist premier of Italy (r. 1922–1943); formed the fascio di combattimento in 1919.
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| show | political ideology that became predominant in Italy under Benito Mussolini during the 1920s; attacked the weakness of democracy and the corruption and class conflict of capitalism; promised vigorous foreign and military programs.
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| show | organization of industrial workers to control the means of production and distribution
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| Aleksander Kerensky | show 🗑
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| show | built up under the leadership of Leon Trotsky; its victories secured communist power after the early years of turmoil following the Russian Revolution.
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| show | initiated in 1921 by Lenin; combined the state establishing basic economic policies with individual initiative; allowed food production to recover.
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| Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) | show 🗑
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| show | communist-controlled parliament of the U.S.S.R.
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| show | Lenin’s successor as leader of the U.S.S.R.; strong nationalist view of communism; crushed opposition to his predominance; ruled U.S.S.R. until his death in 1953.
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| Comintern | show 🗑
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| collectivization | show 🗑
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| Great Depression | show 🗑
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| show | alliance of French socialist, liberal, and communist parties; won election in 1936; blocked from reform efforts by conservative opposition; fell in 1938.
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| show | President Franklin Roosevelt’s program to combat economic depression.
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| show | a 20th-century form of government that exercised direct control over all aspects of its subjects; existed in Germany, Italy, the Soviet Union, and other communist states.
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| show | civil war between republican and autocratic supporters; with support from Germany and Italy, the autocratic regime of Francisco Franco triumphed.
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| corporatism | show 🗑
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| five-year plans | show 🗑
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| National Soviet (Nazi) Party | show 🗑
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| show | British prime minister during World War II; exemplified British determination to resist Germany.
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| show | German term meaning lightning warfare; involved rapid movement of troops and tanks.
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| show | collaborationist French government established at Vichy in 1940 following defeat by Germany.
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| show | British defeat of the Nazi air offensive.
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| Holocaust | show 🗑
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| show | failed Nazi effort in 1943–1945 to repel invading allied armies.
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| Pearl Harbor | show 🗑
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| show | United States air and naval victories over the
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| show |
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| show | global organization, founded by the Allies following World War II.
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| Teheran Conference (1944) | show 🗑
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| show | agreed-upon Soviet entry into the war against Japan, organization of the United Nations; left eastern Europe to the Soviet Union.
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| show | meeting between the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union in 1945; the allies accepted Soviet control of eastern Europe; Germany and Austria were divided among the victors.
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| show | 20th century warfare; resources and emotional commitments of belligerent nations were marshaled to support military effort; resulted from impact of industrialization on the military effort reflecting technological innovation and organizational capacity.
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| show | 1941 pact between the United States and Britain; gave Britain a strong ally; in return the document contained a clause recognizing the right of all people to select their own government.
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| show | struggle from 1945 to 1989 between the communist and democratic worlds; ended with the collapse of Russia.
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| eastern bloc | show 🗑
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| show | United States president who presided over the end of World War II and the beginnings of the cold war.
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| iron curtain | show 🗑
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| Marshall Plan | show 🗑
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| North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) | show 🗑
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| show | the Soviet response to NATO; made up of Soviets and their European satellites.
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| welfare state | show 🗑
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| technocrat | show 🗑
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| show | rise during the 1970s in Europe of groups hostile to uncontrolled economic growth.
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| European Union | show 🗑
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| show | a wave of agitation for women’s rights dating from about 1949; emphasized equality between sexes.
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| Berlin Wall | show 🗑
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| show | Polish labor movement beginning in the 1970s, taking control of the country from the Soviet Union.
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| show | Soviet effort to replace Western literature and arts with works glorifying state-approved achievements by the masses.
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| show | Russian author of works critical of the Soviet regime; included the trilogy on Siberian prison camps, the Gulag Archipelago.
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| show | leader of the U.S.S.R. (1985–1991); inaugurated major reforms that led to the disintegration of the communist regime.
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| show | term meaning openness; Gorbachev policy opening the opportunity to criticize the government.
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| Perestroika | show 🗑
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| Boris Yeltsin | show 🗑
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| globalization | show 🗑
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| multinational corporations | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | attempt within U.S.S.R. to relate formal culture to the masses; fundamental method of Soviet fiction, art, and literary criticism.
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| Politburo | show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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amygilstrap7
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