WVSOM -- Physiology -- Acid Base
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| show | If the other parameter is abnormal to determined if it is mixed
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| What does PTH do to the kidney? | show 🗑
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| When does chronic respiratory acidosis begin? | show 🗑
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| Whatn is chronic respiratory acidosis complete? | show 🗑
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| show | kidneys increase excretion of itratable acids and there is an increased generation of bicarb
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| show | COPD, CNS diseases that affect respiration, drugs that inhibit respiration and disease of respiratory muscles
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| show | serum proteins, hemoglobins and phosphates
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| show | H+ moves form cells and hemoglobin combines with HCO3, increased lactic acid production due to decrease in O delivery to tissues
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| When is chronic respiratory alkalosis complete? | show 🗑
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| What causes respiratory alkalosis? | show 🗑
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| show | kidneys reduce H excretion and HCO3 is lost in urine
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| When is a decreased Pa Co2 normal? | show 🗑
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| show | is it acute or chronic and is there adequate compensation
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| A patient has a pH of 7.29, pCO2 of 65, pO2 of 55mm Hg and an HCO3 of 32 mEq/liter. Does this patient have an acid base disorder? | show 🗑
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| show | yes because bicarb went up and CO2 went up and bicarb increases 3.5/10mmHg PCO and it is appropriate
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| show | acidemia due to accumulation of acids other than carbonic or loss of bicarbonate
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| What happens to equilibrium of the carbonic equation if there is an accumulation of acids? | show 🗑
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| show | equilibrium will shift right
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| What is the anion gap useful in discerning? | show 🗑
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| show | when acid is added to the body, H increases, but also has an accumulation of its conjugate (base) anion. The change in [anion] is the anion gap
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| Anion gap = | show 🗑
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| show | increased Cl-
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| show | increase in unmeasured anions but normal Cl-
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| show | 9-16 mEq/L
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| show | hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
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| What causes hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis? | show 🗑
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| show | hyperventilation and the kidneys increase acid excretions (except with RTA
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| show | normochloremic metabolic acidosis
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| What causes normochloremic metabolic acidosis? | show 🗑
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| How does the body compensate for normochloremic metabolic acidosis? | show 🗑
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| What fluids have a pH of 7.35-7.45? | show 🗑
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| What fluids when loss could lead to alkalosis? | show 🗑
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| What fluid loss lead to acidosis? | show 🗑
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| show | volitile and fixed
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| What is a volatile acid and why? | show 🗑
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| Where are volatile acids handled? | show 🗑
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| show | lactic, acetoacetic, sulfuric
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| show | kidneys
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| show | metabolism of carbs/fa/aa, anaerobic glycolysis, catabolism of phospholipids and nucleic acids
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| show | lactic acid
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| show | urea and h2o secreted, co2 blown off, ketone bodies
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| show | Urea/H20/CO2
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| show | sulfuric acid, HCl, urea/H2O, CO2 blown off
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| What does catabolism of phospholipids and nucleic acids produce? | show 🗑
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| show | oxidation of lactic acid, lactic acid to glucose, oxidation of ketone bodies, catabolism of AA to NH4, metabolism of citrate
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| What are foods with an acidifying effect? | show 🗑
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| What foods have an alkalizing effet? | show 🗑
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| What kind of environment do vegetarians have? | show 🗑
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| show | minimize changes in pH
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| show | NO
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| show | if it is -1 to 1 of desired pH
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| What limits physiologic buffers? | show 🗑
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| show | bicarb/CO2, inorganic/organic phosphates, proteins, bone
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| What is the first buffering systems in extra cellular fluid? | show 🗑
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| What is the first buffer in intracellurlar buffers? | show 🗑
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| What does bone formation do to pH? | show 🗑
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| What does bone resportion do to pH? | show 🗑
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| show | carbonic anhydrase
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| How do proteins act as buffers? | show 🗑
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| What is the buffering system in plasma? | show 🗑
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| show | bicarb/CO2 and inorganic phosphates
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| What is the buffer system in intracellular fluid? | show 🗑
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| What is the buffer system in RBC? | show 🗑
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| What is the buffer system in bone? | show 🗑
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| What is normal PaCO2? | show 🗑
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| What is normal HCO3-? | show 🗑
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| What is normal Na venous values? | show 🗑
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| What isnormal K venous value? | show 🗑
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| What is normal Cl- venous value? | show 🗑
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| show | -log[H+]
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| What is hednerson-hasselbalch equation? | show 🗑
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| show | bicarbante
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| What is HA in H-H equation? | show 🗑
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| What is normal body temp pK ? | show 🗑
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| What is normal solubility of CO2? | show 🗑
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| If bicarb is 24 and PaCO2 is 40 what is the pH? | show 🗑
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| How do you figure out carbonic acid in H-H equation? | show 🗑
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| What do the terms academia and alkalemia relate to? | show 🗑
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| What is a primary acid/base disorder? | show 🗑
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| What is responsible for a respiratory acid/base disorder? | show 🗑
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| show | HCO3- is responsible for abnormal pH
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| What is a simple disorder? | show 🗑
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| show |
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| Can a pH in normal range also have an acid/base disturbance? | show 🗑
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| What is compensation? | show 🗑
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| When will the body over compensate? | show 🗑
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| show | NO because they help prevent academia or alkalemia
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| What are the two compensatory mechanisms? | show 🗑
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| show | regulate rate of respiration to blow off/conserve CO2
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| What is renal compensation? | show 🗑
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| What is initial chemical change in respiratory acidosis? | show 🗑
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| show | increased HCO3
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| What is the initial chemical change in respiratory alkalosis? | show 🗑
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| What is the compensatory response to respiratory alkalosis? | show 🗑
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| What is the initial chemical change to metabolic acidosis? | show 🗑
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| show | decreased PCO2
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| show | increased HCO3
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| What is the compensatory response to metabolic alkalosis? | show 🗑
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| show | pH, PaCO3 and HCO3-
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| How do pH and PaCO2 move in respiratory disorders? | show 🗑
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| show | same direction
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| show | respiratory acidosis
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| show | metabolic acidosis. Not mixed. Anion gap is 10 (normal) so it is hypercholoremic metabolic acidosis
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| show | Na 132, K 6.0, Cl 93, glucose 720. Urine has pH 5, + glucose. ABG shows pH of 7.27, HCO3 11, Pco2 23. What is acid/base disorder. What is compensation?
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| show | to determine if a mixed acid/base disorder is present
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| Delta ratio = | show 🗑
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| When is delta ratio calculated? | show 🗑
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| show | no confounding acid/base disorder
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| show | simultaneous normal anion gap acidosis. Much greater fall in HCO3 compared to increase in anion gap
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| show | simultaneous metabolic alkalosis or compensatory chronic respiratory acidosis
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| show | renal imparment of some kind.
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| show | metabolic alkalosis
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| What causes metabolic acidosis? | show 🗑
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| show | hypoventilation and kidneys attempt to excrete excess bicarb
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| Patient has been sick for a week, vomiting several times every day. Dehydrated and fainted at work. pH 7.5, pCO2 43mmHg, PO2 95 mmHg, hemoglobin-O2 sat 97%, HCO3- 32 mEq/L. What is the acid base disorder? | show 🗑
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| What is the expected compensation in metabolic acidosis? | show 🗑
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| show | incresed PCO2=.7 X changeHCO3
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| show | hyperventilation, shift of oxyhemoglobin dissociation cure to the right and a decrease in 2,3DPG in RBG(after 6 hours of academia)
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| What are the cardiovascular effects of acidosis? | show 🗑
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| show | cerebral vasodilation which leads to an increase in cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure. Very high pCO2 levels will cause central depression
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| show | increased bone resoprtion
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| What happens to K+ in acidosis? | show 🗑
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| What happens to phosphate in acidosis? | show 🗑
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| What are the respiratory effects of alkalosis? | show 🗑
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| show | depression of myocardial contractility and arrhythmias
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| show | cerebral vasoconstriction leads to decreased blood flow and altered LOC.
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| show | shifts into cells leading to hypokalemia
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| What is the role of K+ in acid/base balance? | show 🗑
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| What is the H+/K+ in alkalosis? | show 🗑
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| show | H+ moves into cells and K+ moves out resulting in hyper kalemia
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| show | thre are more anionic proteins so Ca bind sto it resulting in hypocalcemia
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| show | there are less anionic proteins so there is less Ca binding and hypercalcemia results
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Created by:
tjamrose
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