Biology 1108K
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| show | Three clades of living organisms
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| Bacteria and Archaea | show 🗑
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| show | Includes eukaryotes
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| show | ____ and _____ share a more recent common ancestor than with bacteria
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| show | two cell types
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| show | smaller and less complex, single celled, nucleoid and no internal membranes
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| Prokaryotic cell | show 🗑
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| show | larger, more complex, can be single or multicellular, has nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
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| Eukaryotic cell | show 🗑
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| show | three common shapes of prokaryotes
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| show | spheres
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| show | rods
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| show | spirals, also called spirochetes or vibrios
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| show | maintains shape and provides protection. Prevents cell from lysing in hypotonic environments
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| show | major components of cell walls of plants ; fungi ; bacteria
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| show | Gram positive bacteria
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| show | Gram negative bacteria
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| show | bacteria with more simple cell walls, but a thicker layer or peptidoglycan
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| Gram negative | show 🗑
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| Crystal violet | show 🗑
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| Safranin | show 🗑
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| Capsule | show 🗑
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| biofilm | show 🗑
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| biofilm | show 🗑
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| Fimbriae and attachment pilli | show 🗑
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| show | mating bridge that transfers DNA
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| show | structure used for movement
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| flagella | show 🗑
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| analogous structures ; convergent evolution | show 🗑
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| show | directed movement towards or away from a stimulus
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| show | movement TOWARDS a stimulus
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| show | movement AWAY FROM a stimulus
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| show | Prokaryotes don't have organelles, but some have
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| show | performs cellular respiration
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| thylakoid membrane | show 🗑
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| show | first to put oxygen in the atmosphere, use thylakoid membrane
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| show | prokaryotes have a __________ of DNA
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| show | Prokaryotic DNA is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane, but is found in the
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| haploid | show 🗑
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| show | small rings of independently replicating DNA
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| Plasmids | show 🗑
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| show | resistant, multilayered cells produced under adverse conditions. Copies DNA, removes water, and stops metabolism
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| binary fission | show 🗑
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| Autotroph | show 🗑
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| show | Energy source: light
Carbon source: CO2, HCO3-
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| show | example of a photoautotroph
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| Chemoautotroph | show 🗑
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| Sulfolobus | show 🗑
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| Heterotroph | show 🗑
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| Photoheterotroph | show 🗑
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| Rhodobacter, Chloroflexus | show 🗑
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| show | Energy source: organic compounds
Carbon source: organic compounds
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| show | Domain with no peptidoglycan
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| show | Many archaea are _______
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| show | can't live in the presence of oxygen
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| facilitated anaerobe | show 🗑
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| Extremophile | show 🗑
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| thermophile | show 🗑
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| show | can live in high saline environments
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| show | produce CH4 as waste
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| show | all gram negative bacteria
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| show | prokaryotes that serve as decomposers
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| show | autotroph that fixes N2
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| mutualism | show 🗑
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| Bioluminescence | show 🗑
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| parasitism | show 🗑
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| show | many parasitic relationships are
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| show | example of parasitism
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| show | pathogenic bacteria often produce
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| show | part of the bacteria acts as a toxin, released only when bacteria die and cell walls break down (example: salmonella)
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| exotoxins | show 🗑
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| Excavata, SAR clade, Archaeplastida, Unikonta | show 🗑
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| show | Two of the four supergroups that include only protists
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| Protist | show 🗑
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| protist | show 🗑
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| unicellular | show 🗑
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| infoldings of plasma membrane | show 🗑
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| show | the endomembrane and cytoskeleton allow cells to
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| endosymbiont | show 🗑
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| show | _____ were the origin of membrane-bound organelles
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| show | generic term for chloroplasts and associated organelles
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| show | the 4 super groups
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| mixotroph | show 🗑
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| flagella, cilia, pseudopdoia | show 🗑
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| most are aquatic | show 🗑
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| show | reproduction habitats of protists
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| show | heterotrophic unicellular eukaryote
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| show | characteristics of protozoa
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| show | photosynthetic eukaryotes other than land plants
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| show | the supergroup Excavata is made up of only
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| excavated feeding grooves on the side of their bodies | show 🗑
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| Diplomonads and Parabasalids | show 🗑
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| Giardia, Trichomonas vaginalis | show 🗑
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| show | Diplomonads and Parabasalids sometimes form _____ that make them resistant to boiling, chlorine, etc.
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| Euglenozoan | show 🗑
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| show | types of Euglenozoans
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| show | have kinetoplast that house extra-nuclear DNA
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| Trypanosoma | show 🗑
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| show | have an eyespot and light detector, many are mixotrophs
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| Euglena | show 🗑
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| show | originated from secondary endosymbiosis, many have plastids, possibly a monophyletic supergroup, maybe not.
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| show | the A in SAR
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| show | protists whose function is unknown but that resemble alveoli
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| Dinoflagellates | show 🗑
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| Ceratium | show 🗑
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| show | important component of phytoplankton, often cause red tides
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| show | Why are red tides bad
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| Apicomplexans | show 🗑
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| Apicomplexans | show 🗑
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| show | Infectious hosts
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| show | example of an Apicomplexan
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| Ciliates | show 🗑
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| Micro and Macro | show 🗑
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| show | How do ciliates reproduce?
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| show | Examples of a ciliates
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| Stramenophiles | show 🗑
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| most posses both "hairy" and "smooth" flagella | show 🗑
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| show | Unicellular, photosynthetic stramenophiles with glass-like silica walls
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| show | fossilized diatoms
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| Chrysophyta | show 🗑
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| Stramenopile | show 🗑
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| show | Golden algae gain nutrients how?
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| show | Chrysophyta are
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| Dinobryon | show 🗑
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| Phaeophyta | show 🗑
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| show | brown algae are
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| algin | show 🗑
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| erosion prevention, food and habitats for many marine animals | show 🗑
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| Alternation of Generation | show 🗑
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| show | Alternation of generations
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| sporophyte generation that produces haploid spores by meiosis | show 🗑
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| show | haploid spores are produced in
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| gametophyte generation that produces haploid gametes by mitosis | show 🗑
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| show | haploid gametes are produced in
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| Rhizaria | show 🗑
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| amoebas | show 🗑
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| threadlike pseudopodia | show 🗑
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| show | Supergroup that is monophyletic and the closest relative of land plants
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| Rhodophyta | show 🗑
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| show | Rhodophyta contain
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| Alternation of generations | show 🗑
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| show | Green algae with chloroplasts similar to land plants
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| show | Has more than 7000 species, both unicellular and multicellular
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| colonial and filamentous | show 🗑
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| Volvox ; Oedogonium | show 🗑
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| Ulva | show 🗑
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| alternation of generation | show 🗑
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| show | Supergroup that includes animals, fungi, and protists
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| show | phylum with lobe shaped pseudopodia, includes slime molds and amoebas
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| Physarum | show 🗑
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| show | Ecological importance of Protists
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| Coral bleaching | show 🗑
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| Archeaplastida | show 🗑
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| show | land plants evolved from
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| show | Traits that plants share with protists
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| show | Land plants are most closely related to
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| show | Traits shared between charophytes and land plants
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| show | In alternation of generation, embryos depend upon
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| show | In alternation of generation, the dominant generation depends on the
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| embryophytes | show 🗑
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| show | gametes are held in
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| show | female structure that holds gametes
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| show | male structure that holds gametes
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| show | portion of plant where there is a lot of growth to reach resources; region of cell division occurs here
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| show | factors that affect the apical meristem
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| show | walled spores are produced in the
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| Sporopollenin | show 🗑
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| Cuticle | show 🗑
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| show | alkaloids, terpenes, tannins, and flavonoids that are often toxic and are used for protection
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| Mycorrhizae | show 🗑
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| bryophytes | show 🗑
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| show | have vascular tissue, cells joined into tubes, transport H2O and nutrients throughout the plant
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| show | an embryo packed with nutrient supply inside a protective coat
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| gymnosperm | show 🗑
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| show | simplest land plants, smallest in size, grow in moist places
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| gametophytes ; sporophytes | show 🗑
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| rhizoids | show 🗑
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| show | Phylums of nonvascular plants
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| show | common name: liverworts
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| show | Stalks that hold up the capsule, present in Hepatophyta and Bryophyta
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| Stomata | show 🗑
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| show | common name: mosses, have the ability to survive in diverse habitats
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| show | phylum in which the gametophyte grows vertically rather than horizontally, unlike the sporophyte.
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| Stomata | show 🗑
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| show | common name: hornworts, one of the first species to colonize moist, open areas
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| Anthocerophyta | show 🗑
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| Anthocerophyta | show 🗑
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| Stomata | show 🗑
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| show | In seedless vascular plants, _____ are the dominant generation.
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| Seedless vascular plants | show 🗑
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| show | conducts water and minerals up from roots.
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| show | xylem is present in cells with
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| show | distributes sugars, amino acids, and other organic products
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| Microphylls | show 🗑
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| Megaphylls | show 🗑
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| show | leaves that bear sporangia
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| show | One type of sporangium producing one type of spore
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| show | Two types of sporangia producing two types of spores
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| show | develop into the female gametophyte
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| show | develop into the male gametophyte
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| Lycophyta, Monilophyta, | show 🗑
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| Lycophyta | show 🗑
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| show | Plants that use other plants for support, many lycophytes are this
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| Lycophyta | show 🗑
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| Monilophyta | show 🗑
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| Lycophytes were dominant during Devonian and Carboniferous times, contributed to global cooling. When swamps dried up, seed plants became more important | show 🗑
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| reduction of gametophyte trend continued, heterospory, two types (gymnosperm and angiosperm) | show 🗑
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| show | produces microspores that develop into ovules
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| show | Megaspore + megasporangium + integuments, entire thing becomes the seed
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| show | seed coating, protective layer
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| Microsporangium | show 🗑
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| Offers more protection than spores, temperature and moisture control, dormancy that can lead to a longer life, supply of stored food, dispersal | show 🗑
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| Gymnosperm, angiosperm | show 🗑
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| show | "naked seed" plants, seeds are not enclosed by the ovary, but rather are located on modified leaves that usually come from cones
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| show | Phylums that belong to Gymnosperms
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| show | common name: Ginkgo
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| show | phylum with only one species, deciduous leaves, and tolerates air pollution well, and is Dioecious
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| show | single species in Phylum Ginkgophyta, the Maidenhair tree
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| show | has both a male and a female variety
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| show | the _____ Ginkgo biloba tree is generally the one that is planted
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