Musculoskeletal Disease Process LPN
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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Rheumatoid Arthritis | show 🗑
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Rheumatoid Arthritis S/S | show 🗑
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Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathophysiology | show 🗑
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As inflammation continues, the synovial liing thickens, accumulates with fluid, causing pain and swelling | show 🗑
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show | Rheumatoid Arthritis (end result)
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Symmetrical | show 🗑
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RA Diagnostic Tests | show 🗑
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show | The more active the disease
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If (RA) disease responds to treatment, the ________ rate decreases | show 🗑
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show | Control disease through remission, Pain Control, Prevent joint damage, Maintain ROM independence, Joint splints or immobilizers
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show | Indomethacin (Indocin), Ibuprofen (Motrin), Tolmetin sodium (Tolectin), Naproxen (Naprosyn), Meloxicam (Mobic), Difunisal (Dolobid), Piroxicam (Feldene), Nabumetone (Relafen), Meclofenamate (Meclofen)
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show | Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
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show | Arava, Enbrel
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show | Heat Therapy
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show | Ice Therapy
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show | Fish oil, Magnet therapy, Antioxidants: Vit C, E and beta carotene
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show | Rest as needed, Sleep 8-10 hours, Change position frequently, Support groups, encourage independence
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show | Joints are inflamed
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Ankylosing Spondylitis | show 🗑
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AKS | show 🗑
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show | AKS
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show | Morning backache and stiffness of lumbar subsides with activity and returns with inactivity
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Arthritis, Sciatica pain, arthralgia, malaise, and weight loss | show 🗑
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Vision loss occurs with | show 🗑
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arthralgia | show 🗑
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AKS Diagnostic Tests | show 🗑
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show | Ankylosing Spondylitis
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Medical Management of AKS | show 🗑
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show | shallow breathing
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show | Firm Mattress, No Pillow, Resp. exercises, Take meds as prescribed, teach disease is chronic and irreversible.
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show | DJD
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show | Osteoarthritis
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show |
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show | Almost everyone over 40 has some form of this disease, major cause of disability.
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show | does not effect both sides
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Osteoarthritis s/s | show 🗑
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show | Osteoarthritis S/S
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(Pt with DJD) distal finger joints may have ________ ________ | show 🗑
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Bouchard's Nodes | show 🗑
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show | x-ray's may show joint degeneration
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Osteoarthritis Medical Management | show 🗑
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show | Encourage activities and ADL's, Splints if needed, NSAID and Steroid Precautions and care, Heat, Weight Control, Gait training if needed, Safety
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show | GI Bleeding, take with food, watch for tarry stools
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Accumulation of uric acid in bloodstream can lead to what condition | show 🗑
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Gout | show 🗑
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show | aka: Gout
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show | inflammation of a joint
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show | Pain of joint
Inflammation, heat and redness at joint
May be intermittent for up to 10 days
Tophi around rim of ears
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show | the great toe
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Tophi is caused from: | show 🗑
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Mr. Jones has little nodules around the rim of his ears. This may be a sign of? | show 🗑
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show | Gout
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show | Elevated serum uric acid levels, SED rate elevation, Possible kidney stones
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show | organ meats, alcohol, anchovies, herring, mackerel and scallops
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Medical Management of pt. with Gout | show 🗑
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show | Take meds as prescribed, Assess for renal calculi, Increase fluid intake, I & O, Bed cradle, Bed rest and joint immobilization, Low purine diet, Teach meds may be long term
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Osteoporosis | show 🗑
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show | Osteoporosis
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Osteoporosis is most common in menopausal women because: | show 🗑
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S/S of Osteoporosis | show 🗑
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Diagnostic Osteoporosis: | show 🗑
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Medical Management of Osteoporosis | show 🗑
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show | Fosama, Actonel, and Forteo
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show | bone reabsorption inhibitor, can cause serious esophageal and stomach irritation.
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Actonel | show 🗑
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Forteo | show 🗑
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Sit up right 30 minutes after ingesting this medication | show 🗑
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show | Dowagers hump
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show | high pressure, uses cement.
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show | non high pressure, uses balloon and cement
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show | Lay Flat 4 hrs. in prone position
Check dressing
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show | encourage activity, proper diet high in calcium, safety accommodations, weight bearing exercises, encourage follow up visits and follow reime
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show | 1000 - 1500 mg qd
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show | mineral that can slow bone loss and may decrease fractures.
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show | food sources for calcium
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Helps calcium absorption and stimulates bone formation | show 🗑
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Osteomyelitis | show 🗑
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Spread through blood stream from another site in body and "settle" in a bone | show 🗑
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show | Bone pain & tenderness, possible wound drainage
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Diagnostics of Osteomyelitis | show 🗑
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Medical management of Osteomyelitis | show 🗑
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Nursing Care & Teaching Osteomyelitis | show 🗑
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Elevated Temp | show 🗑
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Fibromyalgia Syndrome | show 🗑
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Fibromyalagia Syndrome Abbreviation | show 🗑
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A non life threatening, but life altering disease that affects more women than men between 20-50 | show 🗑
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S/S of FMS | show 🗑
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show | H&P, R/O other diseases, sed rate wnl, Pt. usually also suffers from IBS or tension headaches.
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show | Control pain - use of tricyclic antidepressants helpful (Elavil)
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Nursing Care & Teaching: Fibromyalagia | show 🗑
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show | Amitriptyline (Elavil, Endep), Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril), Clonazepam (Klonopin)
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show | Maintain regular sleep patterns by going to bed and awaking the same time each day. Avoid long naps, take a hot bath within 2 hours of bedtime.
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show | Sleep Hygiene (Fibromyalagia Syndrome)
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show | Exercise Regularly each day, Recognize the effects of drugs on sleep such as nicotine, alcohol and caffeine
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show | Knee joint replacement to restore motion, relieve pain, or correct deformity
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show | TKA
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Partial (unicompartmental) TKA | show 🗑
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show | Longer surgery with higher risks
More extensive post-op care, pain control, and recovery phase
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Total Knee Complications: | show 🗑
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S/S of Knee Arthroplasty | show 🗑
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show | X-Rays, Evaluation of pt, must be done prior to surgery.
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show | Knee Arthroplasty
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Mrs. Chong's x-ray reveals degeneration of the joint around her knee. Mrs. Chong has also been having problems bearing weight on her leg. What possible diagnosis may this be: | show 🗑
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Nursing Care and Teaching of Knee Arthroplasty | show 🗑
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show | osteomyelitis
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Necessities after TKA | show 🗑
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show | Used for degeneration of hip joint
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Variations of Hip Arthroplasty | show 🗑
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show | Limited ROM, Pain with weight bearing
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Diagnostics: Hip Arthroplasty | show 🗑
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show | Monitor Vitals, Pain Control, Dressing Care, Hemovac care, TEDS and SCD's, Neurovascular checks, Bed Rest 24-48 hrs, Chair for short periods
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Cement Used during Hip Arthroplasty | show 🗑
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Non Cement used during Hip Arthroplasty | show 🗑
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Hip Arthroplasty: Avoid adduction and bending more then: | show 🗑
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Hip Arthroplasty Restrictions: First 10 days | show 🗑
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Hip Arthroplasty Restrictions: First 2-3 months | show 🗑
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Hip Arthroplasty Restrictions: First 2 to 3 months | show 🗑
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show | Avoid positioning on the operative side in bed, Maintain abduction of the hip by using a wedge-shaped foam bolster or pillows arranged in a wedge.
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Abductor pillow esp. with repositioning, getting OOB, or in chair. Raised toliet seat, high fiber diet, encourage fluids, teach s/s infection | show 🗑
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show | Most common type of fracture in older adults due to falls.
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show | When injury occurred, may have limited ROM, severe pain, shortening of leg, pt may have felt a "pop", may have ecchymosis or erythema at site
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Diagnostics Fractured Hip | show 🗑
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show | Surgical Repair, Initial immobilization of extremity until surgery.
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show | Buck's Traction
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Post op ORIF Care | show 🗑
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show | PTT
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Coumadin Lab Test | show 🗑
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Nursing Care for Fractured Hip | show 🗑
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Closed Fracture | show 🗑
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Open Fracture | show 🗑
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Fractures | show 🗑
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Greenstick | show 🗑
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show | fracture extends through entire bone
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show | bone is splintered with fragments. More than 1 fracture line
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Impacted | show 🗑
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show | break runs directly across bone
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Oblique | show 🗑
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show | break coils around bone. Results from a twisting force.
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show | fracture of distal portion of radius within 1" of joint of wrist
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show | distal end of fibula by chipping off piece of medial malleolus
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Healing of Bone (osteoblasts) | show 🗑
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show | form fibrin network
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show | bony deposits, form around fracture site
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show | strengthens area
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show | True
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show | Healing of Bone
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show | living, vascular, have their own nerves
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show | Pain, Loss of Normal Function, Possible Deformity, Change in curvature of bone alignment, Ecchymosis, edema at site, Paralysis or loss of sensation at site
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show | Radiographic Studies
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Medical Management: Fractured Bones | show 🗑
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show | Casts, Splints, Traction
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Casts | show 🗑
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show | alternative appliance to the traditional leg cast. Provides support and stability of the plaster cast with additional support and mobility provided by a hinged brace.
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Buck's Traction | show 🗑
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show | Buck's Traction
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Russell's Traction | show 🗑
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Commonly used to treat hip and knee fractures | show 🗑
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show | Used in pediatrics for small children with fractured femurs.
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Legs are extended at a 90-degree angle to the trunk of the body, and the weight of the lower body pulls the bone fragments of the fractured leg into aligment | show 🗑
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show | accomplished by using weight that pulls on spinge rubber, molsekin, elastic bandage with adherent, or plastic materials attached to the skin below the site of the fracture, with the pull exerted on the limb.
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Skeletal Traction | show 🗑
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Use of Pins, screws and wires, surgically placed to align bone for healing | show 🗑
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Nursing Care: Fractured bone | show 🗑
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show | Pain, Pallor, Parasthesia, Paralysis, Polar Temperature, Puffiness or edema, Pulseness
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show | Occur from trauma, osteoporosis, cancer. Displaces vertebrae structure. May cause pressure on spinal column. Bone fragments may also injure spinal cord.
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S/S Fractured Vertebrae | show 🗑
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Diagnostics Fractured Vertebrae | show 🗑
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show | Stabilize vertebrae, anticoagulant therapy, muscle relaxants.
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show | Corset Brace
Back Support
Cast
Brace
Halo
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show | cease muscle spasms
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Nursing Care & Teaching; Fractured Vertebrae | show 🗑
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Skeleton traction or Halo Care | show 🗑
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Fractured Pelvis | show 🗑
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S/S of Fractured Pelvis | show 🗑
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show | X-Rays, s/s, H&P
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Medical Management: Fractured Pelvis | show 🗑
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show | Reposition, Trapeze bed frame, Circ. Checks, I&O, Skin Integrity precautions, possible foley, Observe for shock
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show | VS, restlessness, increase abdominal girth, increased abdominal pressure
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show | Progressive development of arterial vessel compression and decreased blood supply to the area
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show | Compartment Syndrome
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Compartment Syndrome AKA | show 🗑
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Acute Compartment | show 🗑
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S/S of Compartment Syndrome | show 🗑
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show | slow capillary refill, coolness, numbness, tingling, pallor, pulselessness
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Medical Management of Compartment Syndrome | show 🗑
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Nursing Care & Teaching: Compartment Syndrome | show 🗑
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show | a permanent flexion contracture of the hand at the wrist, resulting in a claw-like deformity of the hand and fingers.
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show | Monitoring Pt's level of consciousness. Restlessness, complaints of anxiety, complaints of weakness
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Shock: Objective Data | show 🗑
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Oliguria | show 🗑
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show | Restore blood volume, IV Fluids, Resp. assistance, VS, Pulmonary Edema, Shock trousers may be applied.
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Nursing Care & Teaching: Shock | show 🗑
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Shock | show 🗑
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Fat Embolism | show 🗑
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show | hypoxia
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S/S of Fat Embolism | show 🗑
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Fat Embolism, if travels to brain | show 🗑
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Fat Embolism, if travels to lungs | show 🗑
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Fat Embolism, if travels to heart | show 🗑
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show | ABG's reveal hypoxia, Fat present in blood and urine, SED rate elevated, Platelets decreased
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Medical Management: Fat Embolism | show 🗑
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Nursing Care and Teaching: Fat Embolism | show 🗑
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show | Severe infection of skeletal muscle by gram positive bacilli esp. Clostridium. More prone in those with compound fractures or lacerated wounds. Injury produces exotoxins that destroy tissue.
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show | Gas Gangrene
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show | anaerobic and form spores
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show | Hemolysis, Vessel thrombosis, Damage to myocardium, liver, kidneys and brain
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show | Sudden, sever pain at site. Gas bubbles at site of wound. Cellulitis. Crepitation at sites, System signs of infection, foul smalling wound discharge
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show | sounds that resemble the crackling noise heard when rubbing hair between 2 fingers or throwing salt on an open fire
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show | Cultures (may get aerobic and anaerobic, s/s
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Aerobic | show 🗑
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show | Non Oxygen-requiring
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Medical Management: Gas Gangrene | show 🗑
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Antibiotics: Gas Gangrene | show 🗑
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show | Wound care, Proper antibiotics administration, Isolation; all equipment used and linen should be autoclaved
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Contusions | show 🗑
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show | sac filled with blood
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Sprains | show 🗑
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show | bleeding into a joint
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Whiplash | show 🗑
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Ankle Sprains | show 🗑
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show | Edematous area, with spasms of muscles, pain on passive movement of the joint
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show | injury characterized by microscopic muscle tears as a result of overstretching muscles and tendons.
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show | results when muscles and tendons are overstretched in a forceful movement, such as unaccustomed vigorous exercise
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Dislocations | show 🗑
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show | Pain, Dislocation may or may not be visable, May have erythema, edema, or ecchymosis at site, Does not have free movement of joint.
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Dislocations Focal Assessments | show 🗑
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Diagnostics: Dislocations | show 🗑
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show | Closed Reduction, Open Reduction
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Closed Reduction | show 🗑
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Open Reduction | show 🗑
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show | Reduce edema and discomfort, Immobilization as ordered, Ice 1st 24 hrs. then heat, Circ checks
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show | Painful disorder of wrist and hand d/t compression of median nerve of the wrist. Result of injury or disease, More prone in people who use their hands with repetition, Also seen late in pregnancy
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show | Parethesia, Hypoparethesia, Pain (may get better with vigorous shaking of hands, but will eventually intensify, esp. at night), may have muscle atrophy.
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Diagnostics: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | show 🗑
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show | decrease response of muscle to stimulation
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show | Increased Senstation
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Hypoparesthesia | show 🗑
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Medical Management: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | show 🗑
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Nursing Care & Teaching: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | show 🗑
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Post Op: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | show 🗑
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show | Rupture of fibrous cartilage surrounding intervetbral disc. Displacement of disc may put pressure on nerve root. Can occur from trauma, twisting, lifting, or disease process.
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show | Back or cervical pain, possible paresthesia or tinging, sciatica, or weakness or extremity where nerve route travels
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show | Complete physical Exam, CT, MRI
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show | Bed rest, pain control, traction, surgery
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Surgery: Herniated Disc | show 🗑
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Airbag Injury | show 🗑
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show | removal of the bony arc hes or one or more vertebrae performed to relieve compression of the spinal cord caused by done displacement from an injury or degeneration of a disk or to remove a displaced vertebral disk
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Spinal Fusion | show 🗑
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show | only extruded disk material is removed
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show | Special scopes used to remove herniated discs with minimal damage to surrounding tissues.
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Chemonucleolysis | show 🗑
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show | Observe drg. for drainage. Look for CSF, Observe for infection, Pain Control, Monitor for resp. distress or parlytic ileus, may have lifting restrictions, teach proper posture and bending
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show | may be benign or malignant, If malignant, may be primary or secondary
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Osteogenic Sarcoma | show 🗑
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show | Bone weakness: healthy bone cells are replaced by cancer cells, Pain, esp. when weight bearing, Spontaneous fractures
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Diagnostics: Tumors of the Bone | show 🗑
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Bone Biopsy: Closed | show 🗑
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Bone Biopsy: Open | show 🗑
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Bone Scan | show 🗑
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Nursing Care & Teaching: Tumors of the Bone (Post Op) | show 🗑
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Amputation | show 🗑
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Needs for Amputation | show 🗑
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show | limb should be placed in plastic bag and bag placed on ice
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show | Above the Knee Amputation
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BKA | show 🗑
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show | Assessment of Area, Complete physical with labs
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show | VS, Observe for bleeding, circ checks, pain control, phantom pains, support stump appropriately, do not remove initial dressing - only reinforce, Incision care, proper stump wrapping, Hemovac care, Antibiotics as ordered, Support Pt & Family.
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show | Safety with everyday living, adaptation equipment, callous stump, PT/OT
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Callous Stump | show 🗑
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scoliosis | show 🗑
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show | hump-backed appearance
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show | increase in the curve at the lumbar space region that throws the shoulders back, making the "lordly or kingly" appearance
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Muscular Dystrophy | show 🗑
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show | MD
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show | muscle tissue is replaced by connective tissue
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Life expectancy of PT with MD | show 🗑
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S/S of Muscular Dystrophy | show 🗑
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Ptosis | show 🗑
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show | Supportive care, Prevent complications
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Nursing Care & Teaching: Muscular Dystrophy | show 🗑
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show | Usually caused by trauma by may be caused by severe coughing, osteoarthritis, bone CA
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show | Pain, esp. with inhalation or movement, H&P
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Diagnosis of Rib Fractures | show 🗑
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show | Pain Control: Opiods, NSAIDS, Nerve Block, Rib belts are no longer recommended
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Nursing Care & Teaching: Rib Fractures | show 🗑
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show | Assess for atelectasis and pneumonia, Obese for flail chest: chest collapses with inspiration and bulges with expiration
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Atelectasis | show 🗑
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Arthroscopy | show 🗑
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show | Will have small dressing or wrap, assess for bleeding, Neuro vascular checks, observe and teach for thrombophlebitis infection, and increased joint pain, Mild analgesia, May have mild restrictions for a few days, May have limited weight bearing for 1 week
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Bursitis | show 🗑
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show | fluid filled sac that cushions tendons during movement found in joints of shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, ankle and heel
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show | Pain, stiffness or burning of joint, worsening with activity, Limited ROM or "frozen" joint
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Diagnosis: Bursitis | show 🗑
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Treatment: Bursitis | show 🗑
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show | Inflammation of rotator cuff in shoulder (area may become inflamed or tear away from the bone)
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Rotator Cuff | show 🗑
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S/S of Rotator Cuff Injury | show 🗑
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show | MRI
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show | Range from conservative to surgery, Ice, NSAIDS, PT, Arthroscopic surgery with sling or brace afterward
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Myssi76
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