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Musculoskeletal Disease Process LPN

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
Rheumatoid Arthritis   show
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Rheumatoid Arthritis S/S   show
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Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathophysiology   show
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As inflammation continues, the synovial liing thickens, accumulates with fluid, causing pain and swelling   show
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show Rheumatoid Arthritis (end result)  
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Symmetrical   show
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RA Diagnostic Tests   show
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show The more active the disease  
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If (RA) disease responds to treatment, the ________ rate decreases   show
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show Control disease through remission, Pain Control, Prevent joint damage, Maintain ROM independence, Joint splints or immobilizers  
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show Indomethacin (Indocin), Ibuprofen (Motrin), Tolmetin sodium (Tolectin), Naproxen (Naprosyn), Meloxicam (Mobic), Difunisal (Dolobid), Piroxicam (Feldene), Nabumetone (Relafen), Meclofenamate (Meclofen)  
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show Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs  
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show Arava, Enbrel  
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show Heat Therapy  
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show Ice Therapy  
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show Fish oil, Magnet therapy, Antioxidants: Vit C, E and beta carotene  
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show Rest as needed, Sleep 8-10 hours, Change position frequently, Support groups, encourage independence  
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show Joints are inflamed  
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Ankylosing Spondylitis   show
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AKS   show
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show AKS  
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show Morning backache and stiffness of lumbar subsides with activity and returns with inactivity  
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Arthritis, Sciatica pain, arthralgia, malaise, and weight loss   show
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Vision loss occurs with   show
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arthralgia   show
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AKS Diagnostic Tests   show
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show Ankylosing Spondylitis  
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Medical Management of AKS   show
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show shallow breathing  
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show Firm Mattress, No Pillow, Resp. exercises, Take meds as prescribed, teach disease is chronic and irreversible.  
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show DJD  
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show Osteoarthritis  
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show  
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show Almost everyone over 40 has some form of this disease, major cause of disability.  
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show does not effect both sides  
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Osteoarthritis s/s   show
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show Osteoarthritis S/S  
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(Pt with DJD) distal finger joints may have ________ ________   show
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Bouchard's Nodes   show
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show x-ray's may show joint degeneration  
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Osteoarthritis Medical Management   show
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show Encourage activities and ADL's, Splints if needed, NSAID and Steroid Precautions and care, Heat, Weight Control, Gait training if needed, Safety  
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show GI Bleeding, take with food, watch for tarry stools  
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Accumulation of uric acid in bloodstream can lead to what condition   show
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Gout   show
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show aka: Gout  
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show inflammation of a joint  
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show Pain of joint Inflammation, heat and redness at joint May be intermittent for up to 10 days Tophi around rim of ears  
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show the great toe  
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Tophi is caused from:   show
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Mr. Jones has little nodules around the rim of his ears. This may be a sign of?   show
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show Gout  
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show Elevated serum uric acid levels, SED rate elevation, Possible kidney stones  
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show organ meats, alcohol, anchovies, herring, mackerel and scallops  
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Medical Management of pt. with Gout   show
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show Take meds as prescribed, Assess for renal calculi, Increase fluid intake, I & O, Bed cradle, Bed rest and joint immobilization, Low purine diet, Teach meds may be long term  
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Osteoporosis   show
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show Osteoporosis  
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Osteoporosis is most common in menopausal women because:   show
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S/S of Osteoporosis   show
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Diagnostic Osteoporosis:   show
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Medical Management of Osteoporosis   show
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show Fosama, Actonel, and Forteo  
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show bone reabsorption inhibitor, can cause serious esophageal and stomach irritation.  
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Actonel   show
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Forteo   show
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Sit up right 30 minutes after ingesting this medication   show
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show Dowagers hump  
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show high pressure, uses cement.  
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show non high pressure, uses balloon and cement  
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show Lay Flat 4 hrs. in prone position Check dressing  
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show encourage activity, proper diet high in calcium, safety accommodations, weight bearing exercises, encourage follow up visits and follow reime  
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show 1000 - 1500 mg qd  
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show mineral that can slow bone loss and may decrease fractures.  
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show food sources for calcium  
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Helps calcium absorption and stimulates bone formation   show
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Osteomyelitis   show
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Spread through blood stream from another site in body and "settle" in a bone   show
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show Bone pain & tenderness, possible wound drainage  
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Diagnostics of Osteomyelitis   show
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Medical management of Osteomyelitis   show
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Nursing Care & Teaching Osteomyelitis   show
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Elevated Temp   show
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Fibromyalgia Syndrome   show
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Fibromyalagia Syndrome Abbreviation   show
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A non life threatening, but life altering disease that affects more women than men between 20-50   show
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S/S of FMS   show
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show H&P, R/O other diseases, sed rate wnl, Pt. usually also suffers from IBS or tension headaches.  
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show Control pain - use of tricyclic antidepressants helpful (Elavil)  
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Nursing Care & Teaching: Fibromyalagia   show
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show Amitriptyline (Elavil, Endep), Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril), Clonazepam (Klonopin)  
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show Maintain regular sleep patterns by going to bed and awaking the same time each day. Avoid long naps, take a hot bath within 2 hours of bedtime.  
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show Sleep Hygiene (Fibromyalagia Syndrome)  
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show Exercise Regularly each day, Recognize the effects of drugs on sleep such as nicotine, alcohol and caffeine  
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show Knee joint replacement to restore motion, relieve pain, or correct deformity  
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show TKA  
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Partial (unicompartmental) TKA   show
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show Longer surgery with higher risks More extensive post-op care, pain control, and recovery phase  
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Total Knee Complications:   show
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S/S of Knee Arthroplasty   show
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show X-Rays, Evaluation of pt, must be done prior to surgery.  
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show Knee Arthroplasty  
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Mrs. Chong's x-ray reveals degeneration of the joint around her knee. Mrs. Chong has also been having problems bearing weight on her leg. What possible diagnosis may this be:   show
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Nursing Care and Teaching of Knee Arthroplasty   show
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show osteomyelitis  
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Necessities after TKA   show
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show Used for degeneration of hip joint  
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Variations of Hip Arthroplasty   show
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show Limited ROM, Pain with weight bearing  
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Diagnostics: Hip Arthroplasty   show
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show Monitor Vitals, Pain Control, Dressing Care, Hemovac care, TEDS and SCD's, Neurovascular checks, Bed Rest 24-48 hrs, Chair for short periods  
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Cement Used during Hip Arthroplasty   show
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Non Cement used during Hip Arthroplasty   show
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Hip Arthroplasty: Avoid adduction and bending more then:   show
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Hip Arthroplasty Restrictions: First 10 days   show
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Hip Arthroplasty Restrictions: First 2-3 months   show
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Hip Arthroplasty Restrictions: First 2 to 3 months   show
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show Avoid positioning on the operative side in bed, Maintain abduction of the hip by using a wedge-shaped foam bolster or pillows arranged in a wedge.  
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Abductor pillow esp. with repositioning, getting OOB, or in chair. Raised toliet seat, high fiber diet, encourage fluids, teach s/s infection   show
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show Most common type of fracture in older adults due to falls.  
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show When injury occurred, may have limited ROM, severe pain, shortening of leg, pt may have felt a "pop", may have ecchymosis or erythema at site  
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Diagnostics Fractured Hip   show
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show Surgical Repair, Initial immobilization of extremity until surgery.  
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show Buck's Traction  
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Post op ORIF Care   show
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show PTT  
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Coumadin Lab Test   show
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Nursing Care for Fractured Hip   show
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Closed Fracture   show
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Open Fracture   show
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Fractures   show
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Greenstick   show
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show fracture extends through entire bone  
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show bone is splintered with fragments. More than 1 fracture line  
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Impacted   show
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show break runs directly across bone  
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Oblique   show
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show break coils around bone. Results from a twisting force.  
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show fracture of distal portion of radius within 1" of joint of wrist  
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show distal end of fibula by chipping off piece of medial malleolus  
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Healing of Bone (osteoblasts)   show
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show form fibrin network  
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show bony deposits, form around fracture site  
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show strengthens area  
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show True  
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show Healing of Bone  
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show living, vascular, have their own nerves  
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show Pain, Loss of Normal Function, Possible Deformity, Change in curvature of bone alignment, Ecchymosis, edema at site, Paralysis or loss of sensation at site  
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show Radiographic Studies  
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Medical Management: Fractured Bones   show
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show Casts, Splints, Traction  
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Casts   show
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show alternative appliance to the traditional leg cast. Provides support and stability of the plaster cast with additional support and mobility provided by a hinged brace.  
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Buck's Traction   show
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show Buck's Traction  
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Russell's Traction   show
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Commonly used to treat hip and knee fractures   show
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show Used in pediatrics for small children with fractured femurs.  
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Legs are extended at a 90-degree angle to the trunk of the body, and the weight of the lower body pulls the bone fragments of the fractured leg into aligment   show
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show accomplished by using weight that pulls on spinge rubber, molsekin, elastic bandage with adherent, or plastic materials attached to the skin below the site of the fracture, with the pull exerted on the limb.  
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Skeletal Traction   show
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Use of Pins, screws and wires, surgically placed to align bone for healing   show
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Nursing Care: Fractured bone   show
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show Pain, Pallor, Parasthesia, Paralysis, Polar Temperature, Puffiness or edema, Pulseness  
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show Occur from trauma, osteoporosis, cancer. Displaces vertebrae structure. May cause pressure on spinal column. Bone fragments may also injure spinal cord.  
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S/S Fractured Vertebrae   show
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Diagnostics Fractured Vertebrae   show
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show Stabilize vertebrae, anticoagulant therapy, muscle relaxants.  
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show Corset Brace Back Support Cast Brace Halo  
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show cease muscle spasms  
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Nursing Care & Teaching; Fractured Vertebrae   show
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Skeleton traction or Halo Care   show
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Fractured Pelvis   show
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S/S of Fractured Pelvis   show
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show X-Rays, s/s, H&P  
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Medical Management: Fractured Pelvis   show
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show Reposition, Trapeze bed frame, Circ. Checks, I&O, Skin Integrity precautions, possible foley, Observe for shock  
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show VS, restlessness, increase abdominal girth, increased abdominal pressure  
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show Progressive development of arterial vessel compression and decreased blood supply to the area  
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show Compartment Syndrome  
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Compartment Syndrome AKA   show
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Acute Compartment   show
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S/S of Compartment Syndrome   show
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show slow capillary refill, coolness, numbness, tingling, pallor, pulselessness  
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Medical Management of Compartment Syndrome   show
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Nursing Care & Teaching: Compartment Syndrome   show
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show a permanent flexion contracture of the hand at the wrist, resulting in a claw-like deformity of the hand and fingers.  
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show Monitoring Pt's level of consciousness. Restlessness, complaints of anxiety, complaints of weakness  
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Shock: Objective Data   show
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Oliguria   show
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show Restore blood volume, IV Fluids, Resp. assistance, VS, Pulmonary Edema, Shock trousers may be applied.  
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Nursing Care & Teaching: Shock   show
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Shock   show
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Fat Embolism   show
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show hypoxia  
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S/S of Fat Embolism   show
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Fat Embolism, if travels to brain   show
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Fat Embolism, if travels to lungs   show
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Fat Embolism, if travels to heart   show
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show ABG's reveal hypoxia, Fat present in blood and urine, SED rate elevated, Platelets decreased  
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Medical Management: Fat Embolism   show
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Nursing Care and Teaching: Fat Embolism   show
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show Severe infection of skeletal muscle by gram positive bacilli esp. Clostridium. More prone in those with compound fractures or lacerated wounds. Injury produces exotoxins that destroy tissue.  
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show Gas Gangrene  
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show anaerobic and form spores  
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show Hemolysis, Vessel thrombosis, Damage to myocardium, liver, kidneys and brain  
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show Sudden, sever pain at site. Gas bubbles at site of wound. Cellulitis. Crepitation at sites, System signs of infection, foul smalling wound discharge  
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show sounds that resemble the crackling noise heard when rubbing hair between 2 fingers or throwing salt on an open fire  
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show Cultures (may get aerobic and anaerobic, s/s  
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Aerobic   show
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show Non Oxygen-requiring  
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Medical Management: Gas Gangrene   show
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Antibiotics: Gas Gangrene   show
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show Wound care, Proper antibiotics administration, Isolation; all equipment used and linen should be autoclaved  
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Contusions   show
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show sac filled with blood  
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Sprains   show
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show bleeding into a joint  
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Whiplash   show
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Ankle Sprains   show
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show Edematous area, with spasms of muscles, pain on passive movement of the joint  
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show injury characterized by microscopic muscle tears as a result of overstretching muscles and tendons.  
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show results when muscles and tendons are overstretched in a forceful movement, such as unaccustomed vigorous exercise  
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Dislocations   show
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show Pain, Dislocation may or may not be visable, May have erythema, edema, or ecchymosis at site, Does not have free movement of joint.  
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Dislocations Focal Assessments   show
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Diagnostics: Dislocations   show
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show Closed Reduction, Open Reduction  
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Closed Reduction   show
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Open Reduction   show
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show Reduce edema and discomfort, Immobilization as ordered, Ice 1st 24 hrs. then heat, Circ checks  
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show Painful disorder of wrist and hand d/t compression of median nerve of the wrist. Result of injury or disease, More prone in people who use their hands with repetition, Also seen late in pregnancy  
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show Parethesia, Hypoparethesia, Pain (may get better with vigorous shaking of hands, but will eventually intensify, esp. at night), may have muscle atrophy.  
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Diagnostics: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome   show
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show decrease response of muscle to stimulation  
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show Increased Senstation  
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Hypoparesthesia   show
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Medical Management: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome   show
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Nursing Care & Teaching: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome   show
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Post Op: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome   show
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show Rupture of fibrous cartilage surrounding intervetbral disc. Displacement of disc may put pressure on nerve root. Can occur from trauma, twisting, lifting, or disease process.  
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show Back or cervical pain, possible paresthesia or tinging, sciatica, or weakness or extremity where nerve route travels  
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show Complete physical Exam, CT, MRI  
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show Bed rest, pain control, traction, surgery  
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Surgery: Herniated Disc   show
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Airbag Injury   show
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show removal of the bony arc hes or one or more vertebrae performed to relieve compression of the spinal cord caused by done displacement from an injury or degeneration of a disk or to remove a displaced vertebral disk  
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Spinal Fusion   show
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show only extruded disk material is removed  
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show Special scopes used to remove herniated discs with minimal damage to surrounding tissues.  
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Chemonucleolysis   show
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show Observe drg. for drainage. Look for CSF, Observe for infection, Pain Control, Monitor for resp. distress or parlytic ileus, may have lifting restrictions, teach proper posture and bending  
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show may be benign or malignant, If malignant, may be primary or secondary  
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Osteogenic Sarcoma   show
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show Bone weakness: healthy bone cells are replaced by cancer cells, Pain, esp. when weight bearing, Spontaneous fractures  
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Diagnostics: Tumors of the Bone   show
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Bone Biopsy: Closed   show
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Bone Biopsy: Open   show
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Bone Scan   show
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Nursing Care & Teaching: Tumors of the Bone (Post Op)   show
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Amputation   show
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Needs for Amputation   show
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show limb should be placed in plastic bag and bag placed on ice  
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show Above the Knee Amputation  
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BKA   show
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show Assessment of Area, Complete physical with labs  
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show VS, Observe for bleeding, circ checks, pain control, phantom pains, support stump appropriately, do not remove initial dressing - only reinforce, Incision care, proper stump wrapping, Hemovac care, Antibiotics as ordered, Support Pt & Family.  
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show Safety with everyday living, adaptation equipment, callous stump, PT/OT  
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Callous Stump   show
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scoliosis   show
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show hump-backed appearance  
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show increase in the curve at the lumbar space region that throws the shoulders back, making the "lordly or kingly" appearance  
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Muscular Dystrophy   show
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show MD  
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show muscle tissue is replaced by connective tissue  
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Life expectancy of PT with MD   show
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S/S of Muscular Dystrophy   show
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Ptosis   show
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show Supportive care, Prevent complications  
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Nursing Care & Teaching: Muscular Dystrophy   show
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show Usually caused by trauma by may be caused by severe coughing, osteoarthritis, bone CA  
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show Pain, esp. with inhalation or movement, H&P  
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Diagnosis of Rib Fractures   show
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show Pain Control: Opiods, NSAIDS, Nerve Block, Rib belts are no longer recommended  
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Nursing Care & Teaching: Rib Fractures   show
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show Assess for atelectasis and pneumonia, Obese for flail chest: chest collapses with inspiration and bulges with expiration  
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Atelectasis   show
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Arthroscopy   show
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show Will have small dressing or wrap, assess for bleeding, Neuro vascular checks, observe and teach for thrombophlebitis infection, and increased joint pain, Mild analgesia, May have mild restrictions for a few days, May have limited weight bearing for 1 week  
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Bursitis   show
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show fluid filled sac that cushions tendons during movement found in joints of shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, ankle and heel  
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show Pain, stiffness or burning of joint, worsening with activity, Limited ROM or "frozen" joint  
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Diagnosis: Bursitis   show
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Treatment: Bursitis   show
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show Inflammation of rotator cuff in shoulder (area may become inflamed or tear away from the bone)  
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Rotator Cuff   show
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S/S of Rotator Cuff Injury   show
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show MRI  
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show Range from conservative to surgery, Ice, NSAIDS, PT, Arthroscopic surgery with sling or brace afterward  
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