AP Human Geography - Unit 4 Political Geography
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| Political Geeography | the study of the political organization of the world
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| Sovereignty | a recognized right to control a territory both politically and militarily
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| Multinational State | a state with more than one nation inside its borders
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| Multistate Nation | when a nation stretches across borders and across states
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| Stateless Nations | nations that do not have a state
Ex: the Kurds
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| World Systems Theory | 3. the world has a three tier structure:
Core
Periphery
Semiperiphery
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| Core | where one is most likely to find higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology
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| Periphery | processes associated with a more marginal position in the world economy
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| Semiperiphery | places where core and periphery processes are both occurring
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| Centripetal Forces | forces within the state that unify the people
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| Centrifugal Forces | forces that divide the people
Ex: Language
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| Unitary Governments | centralized states whose administrative framework is designed to ensure the central government's authority over all the state
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| Strong Federal System | regions have much control over government policies and funs
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| Weak Federal System | the central government retains a significant measure of power
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| Devolution | the movement of power from the central government to regional governments within the states
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| Reapportionment | process by which districts are moved according to population shifts so that each district has about the same number of people
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| Boundary | a vertical plane that cuts through the rocks below (called the subsoil) and the airspace above, dividing one state from another
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| Geometric Boundaries | drawn using grid systems such as latitude and longitude or township and range
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| Physical-Political Boundaries | follow an agreed upon figure in the natural landscape
Ex: The center point of a river or crest of a mountain range
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| Definitional Boundary Dispute | focus on the legal language of the boundary agreement
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| Locational Boundary Dispute | center on the delimitation and possibly the demarcation of the boundary. the definition is not in dispute, but its interpretation is
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| Operational Boundary Dispute | involve neighbors who differ over the way their border should function
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| Allocational Boundary Dispute | are becoming more common as the search for resources intensifies
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| Classical Geopolitics | late 19th century/early 20th century geopoliticians were usually either part of the German school or the British/American school
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| German School | tried to explain why certain states were powerful and how they became powerful
Friedrick Ratzel
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| British/American School | land-based power, not sea-power, would ultimately rule the world
Sir Halford J. Mackinder "The Geographical Pivot of History"
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| Geopolitcs | term with negative connotations
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| Supranational Organization | three or more states that forge an association and form an administrative structure for mutual benefit and in pursuit of shared
Ex: United Nations, European Union
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| Deterritorialization | glabalization, networked communities, etc. undermine the state's traditional territorial authority
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| Reterritorialization | the state is moving to solidify control over its territory
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Created by:
Anjella
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