inhaled anesthetics, opiods, narcatiocs
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| show | Agonist indications
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| Morphine effective against pain arising from the visceral, skeletal, and joints | show 🗑
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| When morphine is added to volatile agents it increase the effects of anethesia | show 🗑
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| show | Agonist clinical uses
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| show | Preload also an Agonist clinical use
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| Demerol decrease what in post-op settings | show 🗑
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| Used independently to produce a limited level of analgesia | show 🗑
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| trhese drugs have the ability to produce Analgesia with limited risk of ventilation and physical dependence | show 🗑
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| Partially reverses an agonist | show 🗑
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| show | Agonist-Antagonist
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| Used to treat opiod respiratory depression | show 🗑
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| show | Antagonist Indications
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| show | Antagonist Indications
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| show | Antagonist Indications
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| show | Sufentanil
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| show | Sufentanyl> Remifentanyl> Alfentanyl> Morphine> Meperidine
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| Onset of action fastest to slow | show 🗑
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| show | Morhine> Meperidine> Fentanyl> sufentanyl> Alfentanyl> remifentanyl
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| Effect site equilibration | show 🗑
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| show | Agonist-Antagonist Advantage
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| Limited risk of ventilator depression and physical dependency | show 🗑
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| show | Agonist-Antagonist Disadvantage
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| show | Agnist-Antagonist Disadvantage
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| show | Clinical advantage of Morphine liposomal
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| show | Clinical advantage of Morphine liposomal
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| Designed for control of pain after major surgeries | show 🗑
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| show | Disadvantage of Morphine liposomal
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| Intrathecal admin has resulted in prolonged repsiratory depression | show 🗑
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| Most common side effect of neuraxial opiods | show 🗑
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| Most serious side effect of neuraxial opiods | show 🗑
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| Analgesia is dose dependent | show 🗑
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| show | Decrease
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| show | Neuraxial Opiods
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| show | Neuraxial Opiods
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| show | Meperidine
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| Effective in controlling post-op shivering | show 🗑
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| Meperidine is metaolized how? | show 🗑
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| show | Urination excretion
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| Meperidine is metabolized into what | show 🗑
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| show | Histamine release,nausea vomiting & pruritis
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| What is morphine's mechanism of action? | show 🗑
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| What is Mu1 mechanism of action | show 🗑
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| What is Mu2 mechanism of action | show 🗑
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| show | only opiod not metabolized by liver, suscpetible to hydrolysis by plasma esteraase
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| What are advantages of remifentanyl | show 🗑
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| What are disadvantages of Remifentanyl | show 🗑
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| show | growth hormone
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| produced by anterior pituitary | show 🗑
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| show | Luteinizing hormone (gonadotropin)
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| produced by anterior pituitary | show 🗑
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| produced by anterior pituitary | show 🗑
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| produced by posterior pituitary | show 🗑
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| produced by osterior pituitary | show 🗑
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| show | Cortisol must be given continuously
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| show | Thyroids have a long half life and may be omitted for a several days
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| What is the anti-inflammatory potency and Na retaining potency for Prednisolone? | show 🗑
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| show | Anti-inflammtory = 4 Na retaining potency = .8
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| WHat si the anti-inflammatory potency and Na retaining potency for Methylprednisone? | show 🗑
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| What is the anti-inflammatory potency and Na retaining potency for Betamthasone? | show 🗑
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| What is the anti-inflammatory potency and Na retainig potency for Dexamethasone? | show 🗑
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| What is Fludricortisone | show 🗑
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| show | causes uterine contractions
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| What are the clinical uses of ADH | show 🗑
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| show | warnings and adverse reaction of Corticosteroids
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| show | Corticsteroids
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| Metabolic acidosis is an adverse reaction of what | show 🗑
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| hyperglycemia is an adverse reaction of what | show 🗑
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| show | Corticsteriods
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| Inhibition of normal growth may be the effects of? | show 🗑
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| show | Corticosteroids
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| Osteoporosis and PUD are caused by? | show 🗑
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| Skeletal muscle myopathy is caused by | show 🗑
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| CNS dysfunction is caused by what? | show 🗑
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| show | Dose of corticosteroid should be increased
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| Corticosteroid results in suppression of the ______ and leads to blunting normal release of | show 🗑
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| show | Increase the dosage of Corticosterods
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| show | inappropriate and excessive secretion of ADH with subsequent water retension and dilutional hyponatremia.
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| show | Head traumas, intracranial tumors, meningitis, pulmonary infections, & oat cell carcinomas
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| show | Demeclomycin (Declomycin)
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| What is the action of Demeclomycin | show 🗑
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| show | Serum hypoosmality, HYPONATREMIA, most symptoms are associated with hyponatrmia
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| What factors speeds up induction from machine to alveoli? | show 🗑
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| show | low blood:gas partition coeffcient, low cardiac output, aveolar to venous partial pressure difference
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| show | Cerebral blood flow, arterial to venous pressure differnce, brain:blood partition coeffecient
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| Increasing the _______ in the inspired air will increase both the maximum tension that can be achieved in the alveoli and the rate increase in arterial tension. | show 🗑
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| Increase ventilation, like PI, promotes input of inhaled anesthetics to offst ________ into blood | show 🗑
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| The net effect of increasing anesthetic concentration is a more rapid increase in PA and thus and increase in the ___________? | show 🗑
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| The greater the alveolar ventilation to FRC, the more _______ the increase in PA toward PI | show 🗑
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| What is the ratio of aveloalar ventilation to FCR ratio in neonates | show 🗑
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| show | 1:5
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| show | more soluble anesthetic gases.
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| show | potency/solubility, oil:gas partition coeffceient.
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| show | low MAC or higher potency
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| What effect does a low oil:gas partition coeffecient have? | show 🗑
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| show | Minimal Alveolar Concentration is the concentration at 1 atm which causes immobility in 50% when expose to a noxious stimulus such as surgical stimulus
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| show | Hyperthermia, Hypernatremia, Hyperthyroid, chronic ETOH abuse,
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| show | Cocaine, MAOI, Ephedrine, Levadopa
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| What patient characteristics decrease MAC? | show 🗑
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| show | Benzos, clonidine, A2agonist, lithium, lidocaine, neuraxial oopiods,
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| what drugs decrease MAC? | show 🗑
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| All inhalational agents are excreted where | show 🗑
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| Nitrous Oxide is metablized where and how much? | show 🗑
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| show | .02% from P450
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| Isoflurane is metabolized how and how much | show 🗑
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| show | 5% FROM P450
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| show | The higher the solubility the more the agent will diffuse into the muscles or blood, thus prolonging induction.
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| show | Isoflurane
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| show | Nitrous Oxide
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| show | Degredation product Sevoflurane and CO2 absorbers.
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| What risks are associated with Compound A | show 🗑
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| What can be done to prevent formation of Compound A | show 🗑
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| What is diffusion hypoxemia? | show 🗑
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| show | Hyperventilate the patient with 100% O2 1-5 mins after turning off NO2.
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| What is the MAC, blood:gas partition coeffecient of NITROUS OXIDE? | show 🗑
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| What is the MAC, VP, b:g partition coeffecient of ISOFLURANE | show 🗑
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| What is the MAC, VP, B:G O:G partition coeffecient of SEVOFLURANE | show 🗑
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| What is the MAC, VP, B:G, O:G partition coeffecient of DESFLURANE | show 🗑
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| show | safer for kidneys, does not cause seizures, decrease ICP, decrease CMRO2 requirements, decrease BP but not CO,
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| show | Profound ventilation depression, tachepnia, Increased heart rate.
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| show | very pungent, airway irritant, increased coughing, increased incidence of laryngospasm, requires special heated vaporizer, decrease CO and BP, decrease cereberal blood flow
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| show | very little metabolism, unlikely to form neoantigens,
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| What are the advantages of Sevoflurane? | show 🗑
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| What are the disadvantages of Sevoflurane? | show 🗑
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| What are the disadvantages of NO2? | show 🗑
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| show | doe not relax skeletal muscles, cause diffusion hypoxia, depress vent response, can increase volume or pressure of air in gut, middle ear, lungs and head
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| What are s&s of fluoride toxicity? | show 🗑
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| What agent is fluortoxcity associated with? | show 🗑
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| show | nephrotixic
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| Currently used anesthetics have significantly less metabolism and are less soluble thus | show 🗑
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| show | Succinylchloine and volatile anesthetics
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| show | true
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| show | Halothane although it is no longer used in the states.
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| What is the weakest volatile aneshtetic that can trigger MH? | show 🗑
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