AP world geography study guide
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| geography | geo- Earth graphy- Write
study of earth
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| human geography | why, how human activity affects or influenced by the earths surface
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| physical geography | where, natural features and process
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| spatial perspective | geographers perspective of the world
scale of analysis= geographic scale
spatial distribution= spread of earths surface
spatial interaction= connectivity and accessibility
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| types of scales | ratio, fraction, written out
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| types of projection | cylindrical, conic, planar, oval
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| why? where? | human: religion, business, city organization.
physical: climate, land forms, vegitation
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| cartography | science of map making
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| five themes of geography | place, location, region, human/environment interaction, movement
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| place | unique or sense of place
example: fruit stand
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| location | exact spot on the Earth's surface
example: a) absolute location- 35N, 85W b) relative location- directions
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| Eratosthenes (Greek) | coined "geography", accurately circumferenced the Earth
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| Ptolemy (Greek) | published Guide to Geography in second century AD, rough maps: landmasses and global grid system
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| Al-idrisi (Muslim) | accurate map of the world in 1154
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| Christopher Columbus | discovered the new world using maps, made new maps, notes and pictures of new plants and animals, notes and pictures of indigenous people, Earth was proven to be round
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| Magellan | first explorer to circumnavigate the globe using maps
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| friction of distance | it's caused by two places losing connectivity and accessibility due to their absolute distance apart (miles, km)
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| remote sensing | scanning of the earth by satellite or high-flying aircraft
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| systematic geography | study of one region and looks at spatial variations in all parts of the globe: studies the earth's integrated systems as a whole focusing on a phenomena across the globe instead of in one place
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| cultural ecology | study of human adaptations to social and physical environment
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| cultural landscape | geographic areas associated to social with a historic event activity, or person or exhibiting other cultural values
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| qualitative data | info about qualities, not measured
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| quantitative data | expressing a certain quantity, amount or range, measures associated
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| natural landscape | land before acted upon by human culture
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| spatial interaction | dynamic flow from one place to another
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| spatial perspective | geographical concept of where things happen on Earth in space and in different places
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| globalization vs local diversity | world government, diversity is to make globalization easier and allow input from other cultures
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| region | any location with a boundary around it
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| human-environment interactions | human activity
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| movement | human, goods, and ideas
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| geographic scale | individual, local, regional, global
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| space | distance and distribution of characteristics
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| connections (connectivity) | technology, culture, music
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| access (accessibility) | distance decay, friction of distance
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| distance decay effect | distance hinders interactions between places (spatial interaction)
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| map scale | relationship between the size on the map and the actual size on the Earths surface
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| distortion | shape, distance, relative size, direction
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| high resolution | large scale map (1:5000)
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| low resolution | small scale map (1:50000000)
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| GIS vs GPS | GIS- thematic layer
GPS- exact location
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| Space- Time compression | geographers define as the reduction in time it takes for something to reach another place
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| what happened in 1950? | new technology has made the world more accessible and connected
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| gravity model | when two places are equal to the product of the places populations divide by the square of their distance apart
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| physical geographers | Eratosthenes and Columbus were mainly cartographers
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| environmental geographers | W.D. Pattison and Marsh focused on sustainability or how long can land support people
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| cultural geographers | Carl Sauer
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