Mechanical Ventilation chapter 5
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| An oropharyngeal airway may be used to relieve upper airway obstruction or as a bite block in intubated patients. True/false | True
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| What are the indications of oropharyngeal airway. (OPA) | -Relieve upper airway obstruction if airway maneuvers fail to establish
-Use as a bite block in intubated patients
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| Uses and precautions An oropharyngeal airway (OPA) should always be used in | -sedated or unconscious patients
-remove airway if the patient gags or retches
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| The appropriate size (from flange to distal tip) of an OPA may be estimated based on the length in millimeters 3 different ways | -Center of mouth to angle of jaw
-Corner of mouth to earlobe
-Central incisors to angle of jaw
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| Opening the patient's airway using an OPA is most beneficial when which of the following causes the obstuction? A. Secretions B. Foreign Body C. Edema D. Tongue | D. Tongue
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| Prior to insertion of a nasopharyngeal airway, the nares should be inspected for | -obstruction
-trauma
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| A nasopharyngeal airway has advantages over the OPA. Nasal airway can be used in patients with. | -intact gag reflex
-unstable fractures of the mandible
-trimus(lock jaw)
-oral trauma
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| Appropriate size of nasopharyngeal aiway should be based on the patients | -height
-clinical condition
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| Hazards of using a nasopharyngeal airway include: 1. an airway that is too small may be aspirated 2. irritation of the mucosal lining 3. toleration by conscious patient A. 1 only B. 2 only C. 1 & 2 only D. 1,2, & 3 | C. 1 & 2 only
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| An esophageal obturator airway is inserted in to (trachea, esophagus), and it is a (reusable, disposable) tube | -esophagus
-disposable
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| Prior to insertion, the cuff of an EOA is inflated with (5 to10, 10 to 20, 20 to 30, 30 to 40) ,mL of air to check for cuff integrity and leaks. | 20-30mL
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| If the EOA is to be replaced with an endotracheal tube, should be replaced as soon as feasible (after removal of EOA, with EOA in place). | with EOA in place
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| The major difference between and EOA and an EGTA is that an EOA has a(n)__(open,closed) distal end and an EGTA has a(n) ____(open, closed) distal end. | -closed
-open
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| The advantage of an EGTA is its capability of relieving gastric distention due to air contents during bag-to-mask ventilation. True/False | True
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| With an EGTA, ventilation holes along the proximal end of the tube are (absent, present), and ventilation is provided through the (adapter, mask) by traditional manual resuscitation bag. | -absent
-mask
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| Ventilation with an EGTA is provided through________via a mask and resuscitation bag. | -Ventilation port
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| A properly inserted LMA provides a seal over the(vocal cords, esophagus, trachea,laryngeal opening), and it (is, is not) necessary for the LMA to enter the larynx or trachea. | -laryngeal opening
-is not
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| The standard cuff pressure for an LMA is (30,40,50,60) cm H2O, and it is adjusted accordingly to decrease the intracuff pressure. | -60 cm H2O
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| LMA should be considered when tracheal intubation is precluded by lack of expertise or equipment or when attempts at___________ | -Endotracheal intubation have failed
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| For most adults 50-70 kg, a size (3,4,5,6) LMA should be used and 70-100kg size (3,4,5,6). | -4, 50-70kg
-5,70-100kg
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| All of the following are advantages of the LMA, except: A. quickly inserted to provide ventilation B. no risk of esophageal or bronchial intubation C. provide protection against aspiration D. less risk of trauma to airway | C. provides protection against aspiration (false)
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| Since esophageal-tracheal combitube (ETC) is more likely to enter the (esophagus,trachea) during blind intubation, ventilation through the ETC should be done via lumen(1,2) first. | -esophagus
-1
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| The ETC is inserted into the (esophagus, trachea, esophagus or trachea) | -esophagus or trachea
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| Complications with an ETC are related to either hemodynamic stress or air leaks. (True/False) | -True
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| Advantage of the ETC | -visualization of the upper airway is not required for insertion
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| Disadvantage of ETC | -cannot suction trachea if the tube is in the esophagus
-esophageal trauma from poor insertion technique
-difficulty in determining proper tube location resulting in ventilation through wrong tube
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| The (Left-sided,right-sided) double-lumen endobronchial tube (DLT) is more commonly used because precise placement of the (left-sided, right-sided)tube is more difficult | -left-sided
-right-sided
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| During insertion, it is more likely for the (left-sided, right-sided) DLT to go past the upper respective lobe (RUL) bronchus | -right-sided
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| If a stylet is used to guide the insertion of a DLT, it should be removed (before, as soon as) the DLT has passed the vocal cords, in order to (facilitate successful intubation, minimize the incidence of airway trauma. | -as soon as
-minimize the incidence of airway trauma
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| Use of DLTs may lead to airway injuries include: | -direct trauma
-cuff overinflation
-preexisting airway pathology
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