202 - Lab 1: Blood Collection
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| BLOOD COLLECTION INVOLVES: | • Serum/plasma/whole blood
• Animal
• Needle
• Syringe
• Vacutainer
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| WHAT IS AN ANTICOAGULANT? | • Work by binding calcium (factor 4)
• Chemical when added to blood will prevent or delay coagulation
• Can come as liquid or powder form in tubes
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| RED TOP BLOOD COLLECTION TUBE | NO ADDITIVE
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| LAVENDER TOP BLOOD COLLECTION TUBE | Contains EDTA
o Use for CBC
o Good for staining
o Cells will shrink (crenation) in here if too little blood (due to salt in EDTA)
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| GREEN TOP BLOOD COLLECTION TUBE | heparin (sodium or lithium)
o One of the most common tubes
o Not routine in CBC = clumps WBC
o Not used for staining
o Birds, reptiles, fish = RBC have nucleolus so the cell will not lyse
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| LIGHT BLUE TOP BLOOD COLLECTION TUBE | buffered sodium citrate (just delays the clotting)
o Used for clotting study
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| GRAY TOP BLOOD COLLECTION TUBE | contains anticoagulant and glycolytic inhibitor (prevents breakdown of glucose)
o Sodium fluoride
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| YELLOW TOP BLOOD COLLECTION TUBE | ACD: Acid Citrate Dextrose
o ACD used all the time when doing blood transfusions
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| BLOOD COLLECTION AMOUNT IS DETERMINED BY: | o Test
o Tube size
o Animal size & hydration status – will effect the volume of blood you can attain
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| MAXIMUM BLOOD COLLECTION SHOULD NOT EXCEED: | 25% of Body Weight
o Birds – only 1% of BW
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| PCV IS: | PACK CELL VOLUME: 50% of your blood is cells (RBC)
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| EQUINE BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | o Jugular vein
o Facial vein
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| BOVINE BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | o Jugular vein
o Coccygeal vein
o Mammary – has a higher natural level of calcium – LAST RESORT
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| OVINE BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | o Jugular
o Cephalic
o Saphenous
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| CAPRINE BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | o Jugular
o Cephalic
o Saphenous
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| PORCINE BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | o Ear
o Thoracic Inlet – anterior vena cava
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| CANINE BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | o Jugular
o Cephalic
o Lateral Saphenous
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| FELINE BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | o Jugular
o Cephalic
o Medial Saphenous
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| BIRD BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | right jugular vein (left is smaller), medial metatarsal vein, wing vein (cutaneous ulnar vein)
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| FERRET BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | cranial vena cava, ventral tail vein
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| RABBIT BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | lateral saphenous, lateral ear vein (not preferred due to hematoma forming), cephalic vein, not jugular because of dewlap
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| SMALL ANIMAL BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | JUGULAR
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| RODENT BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | lateral saphenous, venous sinus (behind eye), tail vein, submandibular, direct cardiac puncture
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| EXOTICS BLOOD COLLECTION SITES | o Lizards: ventral to tail vein
o Tortoise/Turtle: venous sinus
o Snakes: direct cardiac puncture
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| NEEDLES | • Length ½” to 2”
• Size range: 14g to 30g (smaller #, bigger the needle)
• Don’t use smaller than 25g needle – this will cause hemolysis (lyse blood cells)
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| NEEDLE SIZES | o 18g – green monoject – pink B-D
o 20g – pink monoject – yellow B-D
o 21g – lavender monoject – green B-D
o 22g – blue monoject – black B-D
o 23g – orange monoject – teal B-D
o 25g – red monoject – blue B-D
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| SYRINGE SIZES | o 1cc, 3cc, 6cc, 12cc, 35cc, 60cc
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| SYRINGE TIPS | o Luer (needle slips on), luer lock (needle screws on), catheter (shaped like a cone), curved (can feed animals with this, flush wounds)
o Location of the tip can be: Central vs. eccentric
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| VACUTAINER SYSTEM | • Three parts:
o Double ended needle
o Plastic sleeve
o Vacuum tube
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| BLOOD DRAW TECHNIQUE | • Choose tube, needle, syringe
• Label tube(s)
• Proper restraint
• Locate vein
• Insert needle bevel up
• Draw back on plunger
• Place blood in tube gently – remove top of tube and needle and drip the blood into the tube – this prevents lysis
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