Cardiovascular A&P
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| What vessels carries oxygtenated blood from heart to body tissues? | IVC, SVC, AORTA
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| What veins and arteries carries deoxygenated blood from body tissues to the heart? | pulmonary arteries (2)pulmonary veins (4)
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| What is the pump of the systemic system? | heart
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| Heart rate is also knnown as the _______. | pulse
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| What is blood pressusre? | it is the contraction and relation of the heart as blood is pumped through
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| Systolic is the ___________ of the heart while diasstolic is the __________ of the heart. | contraction; resting
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| What two pieces of equipment are used to determione what a patients blood pressure is? | stethescope; sphygmomometer
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| Pericardium | lining membrane that covers heart
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| Visceral | lining membrane that covers the heart; also known as the epicardium
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| Parietal | lining membrane that covers outer part of pericardium
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| What are the three linings of the heart? | (begining from outside to inside)epicardium , myocardium, endocardium
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| Which side of the heart carries deoxygenated blood? | right side
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| Which side of the heart carries oxygenated blood? | left side
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| What are the four chambers of the heart? | right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
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| The atrium receives blood from the ______ while the ventricles send blood to the _______. | veins, arteries
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| What is the purpose of the valves found in the heart? | To prevent backflow of blood in the heart
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| Backflow of blood into heart | regurgitation
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| What valve is found between the right atrium and right ventricle? | tricuspid valve
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| The ______ valve is found between the left atrium and the left ventricle. | bicuspid or mitral valve
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| The aortic valve is found between the _______ and _______. | Left ventricle and aorta
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| The semi lunar valve is found between the ______ and the ____? | right venetricle and pulmonary arterial trunk
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| What bifurcates off if the ascending aorta and into the LAD and circumflex? | Right and left coronary arteries
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| What is the flow of blood throught the heart? | IVC & SVC - RA - tricuspid valve - RV - pulmonary valve - pulmonary arteries (2) - alveoli of lungs - pulmonary veins (4) - LA - mitral valve - LV - aortic valve - aorta
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| What is the main purpose of the cardiovascular system? | maintain homeostasis, transport oxygen from lungs to body tissues and carbon dioxide from body tissues to lungs
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| 55% of blood is _____. | plasma
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| What is the function of blood? | Deliver oxygen and remove waste, transports food molecules (glucose, lipids, amino acids), transports ions (sodium, calcium), transports hormones, heat, wbc and lymphocytes
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| What is another name for a red blood cell? | erythrocyte
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| What gives blood its red color? | hemoglobin
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| Which is most radiosensitive, erythroblasts or erythrocytes? | erythroblasts (stem or immature RBC)
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| What is a normal RBC count? | 4-6 million/mm3
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| What is a deficiency in RBC known as? | anemia
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| Where do erythroblasts mature? | bone marrow
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| What organ reclaims the majority of the hemoglobin after the matured RBC are ingested? | liver
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| These are germ fighting cells. | Leukocytes (white blood cells)
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| What is the normal WBC count? | 4-10 million/mm3
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| Do RBC's have a nucleus? | no
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| What cell has a nucleus? | leukocytes
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| What are the two types of leukocytes? | agranulocytes and granulocytes
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| Name the two agranulocytes. | lymphocytes and monocytes
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| Name the three granulocytes. | neutrophils, eosinjophils, basophils
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| What is the most radiosensitive cell in humans? | lymphocytes
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| What are the three layers of a blood vessel? | tunica intima, tunica media (thickest layer), tunica adventitia
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| What are two things that distinguish viens from arteries? | veins have valves, you can not get a pulse from a vein
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| arterioles | smallest arteries
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| capillaries | smallest blood vessels
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| venules | smallest veins
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| State the branch or branches off of the left coronary artery. | anterior- LADposterior - circumflex
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| The 3 branches off of the aortic arch are the... | right brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid, left subclavian
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| Common hepatic artery, splenic artery, left gastric artery are branches of the ______. | celiac trunk
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| What are the branches of the common carotid? | right common carotid branches off to the right internal and right external carotidleft common carotid branches off to the left internal and left external carotid
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| The vertebral artery branches off of the _____. | subclavian artery
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| What are the arteries that come off of the abdominal aorta? | celiac trunk, superior mesenteric, middle suprarenal, renal, ovarian or testicular, common iliac, interior mesenteric, middle sacral, lumbar
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| What branches off of the internal carotid? | anterior andmiddle cerebral arteries
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| The vertebral arteries join to form the ______ artery, which braqnche3s into the _______. | basilar, right and left posterior cerebral arteries
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| What three arteries form the circle of willis? | basilar artery, right and left internal carotid
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| What are the four parts of the aorta? | ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta, abdominal aorta
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| What are the five paired branches off of the descending aorta? | pericardial, esophageal, intercostal, bronchial, superior phrenic artery
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| Polycythemia | increase in the number of RBC's
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| Decrease in the number of white blood cells. | leukopenia
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| Increased white blooc cell count | leukocytosis
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