A deck of flashcards for Undergraduate Study of Biology.
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| Mendel’s hereditary factors | show 🗑
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| show | Genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes. Some alleles are dominant while others are recessive; an organism with at least one dominant allele will display the effect of the dominant allele.
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| Chromosome theory of inheritance | show 🗑
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| What are Chromosomes according to the Boveri-Sutton chromosome theory? | show 🗑
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| Mendel's laws of inheritance | show 🗑
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| show | The first Mendelian law that states allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete formation, and randomly unite at fertilization.
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| Law of Independent Assortment | show 🗑
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| show | They breed at a high rate where a generation can be bred
every two weeks. They have only four pairs
of chromosomes and share 75% of the genes that cause disease with humans, so scientists can learn about human genetics by studying fruit fly genetics.
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| Mutant phenotypes | show 🗑
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| Inheritance of Sex-Linked Genes | show 🗑
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| How may a recessive sex-linked trait be expressed? | show 🗑
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| show | A male needs only one copy of the sex-linked recessive allele. Example of disorders are color blindness, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Hemophilia.
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| show | A Barr body (named after discoverer Murray Barr) is the inactive X chromosome in a female somatic cell, rendered inactive in a process called lyonization.
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| show | Genes located on the same chromosome that
tend to be inherited together are called linked genes
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| Parental types | show 🗑
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| Recombinant types | show 🗑
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| show | A particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated.
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| show | An enzyme that unwinds the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.
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| Single-strand binding protein | show 🗑
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| show | An enzyme which corrects the overwinding strain ahead of replication forks by breaking, swiveling and rejoining DNA strands.
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| DNA polymerase III | show 🗑
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| Primase | show 🗑
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| dNTP | show 🗑
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| show | Deoxyadenosine triphosphate; Nucleotide that supplies adenine to DNA
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| show | Deoxyguanosine triphosphate; Nucleotide that supplies guanine to DNA.
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| show | Deoxycytidine triphosphate; Nucleotide that supplies cytosine to DNA.
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| dTTP | show 🗑
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| What happens as each monomer of dNTP joins the DNA strand? | show 🗑
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| Leading strand | show 🗑
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| show | The other new strand which requires the DNA polymerase to work in the direction away from the replication fork.
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| show | A series of segments which synthesizes the lagging strand by DNA ligase.
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| show | An enzyme which is responsible in removing the RNA nucleotides of primer from 5' end and replaces them with DNA nucleotides at the lagging strand.
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| show | Joins 3' end of DNA that replaces primer to rest of leading strand to rest of leading strand an joins Okazaki fragments of lagging strand.
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| Nucleotide excision repair | show 🗑
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| show | The end nucleotide sequences of DNA molecules which postpones the erosion of genes near the ends of DNA molecules. Suggestions that the shortening of telomeres is connected to aging
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| Telomerase | show 🗑
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| Is there a possible relationship between telomerase activity and cancer? | show 🗑
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| Nucleoid | show 🗑
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| Chromatin | show 🗑
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| Histones | show 🗑
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| 10 nm chromatin fiber | show 🗑
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| 30 nm chromatin fiber | show 🗑
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| show | The 30 nm fibers forms loops called looped domains that attach to a choromosome scaffold made of proteins.
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| 700 nm chromatin fiber | show 🗑
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| Nucleosomes | show 🗑
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| Euchromatin | show 🗑
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| Heterochromatin | show 🗑
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| show | The process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell. change in genotype and phenotype due to assimilation of foreign DNA.
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| Non-disjunction (Abnormal Chromosome Number) | show 🗑
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| Aneuploidy | show 🗑
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| Monosomic zygote | show 🗑
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| Trisomic zygote | show 🗑
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| Polyploidy | show 🗑
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| Triploidy (3n) | show 🗑
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| Tetraploidy (4n) | show 🗑
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| What types of changes may occur when there are alterations of chromosome structure? | show 🗑
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| show | Removal of a chromosomal segment.
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| Duplication | show 🗑
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| Inversion | show 🗑
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| Translocation | show 🗑
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| Down syndrome | show 🗑
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| show | The result of an extra chromosome in a male producing XXY individuals.
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| show | Monosomy of X, produces X0 females who are sterile.
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| show | "Cry of the cat", results from a specific deletion of chromosome 5, where a child born of this syndrome i mentally retarded and has a catlike cry; individuals usually die in infancy or early childhood.
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| Chronic myleogenous leukemia (CML) | show 🗑
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| What are the two normal exceptions to Mendelian genetics? | show 🗑
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| show | Genes located in the nucleus.
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| Extranuclear genes | show 🗑
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| show | Where the variation of phenotype depends on which parent passed along the alleles for those traits. It is also resulted from the addition of CH3 (methylaton) of DNA.
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| DNA | show 🗑
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| show | Introduced an elegant double helical model.
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| show | Suggests Purine + Pyrimidine= width consistent with X-ray data. They determined that A paired with only T and G paired with only C.
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| show | A model of replication predicts that when a double helix replicates, each daughter molecule will have one old strand and one newly made strand.
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| Conservative model | show 🗑
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| show | Only one strand of DNA is replicated.
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| Dispersive model | show 🗑
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