atoms chapter 2
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| What is an Atom? | atom is the basic building block of matter. Made up of protons (positive charge), neurons (no charge) and electrons (negative charge) what is
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| what is a electron? | a particle in the atom that orbits the nucleus at high velocity. these shells (bands) are in defined energy levels and distances from the nucleus. Also has the least amount of mass
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| What is a proton ? | a subatomic particle with one unit of positive electric charge found in nucleus
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| what is an neuron? | a subatomic particle with one unit of negative electric charge found in nucleus
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| Name 4 facts about the nucleus | =It is held together by binding energy AKA nuclear force
-it hold the protons and neurons
-its the measure of energy necessary to split the atom
-if a particle hits the nucleus it must have equal or greater energy in ordor to split it.
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| What is binding energy | Binding energy is the force of (+) protons and electrons(-)that keep the electrons in orbit.
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| What are lost or gained when the atom changes it charge? | Electrons
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| 4 Facts about electron shells | -They are labeled starting with K then L M N O....
-the binding energy is greatest with the inner most shell (K)
and decreases as you go away from the neucules
-each shell has a limited # of electrons it can hold.
- The valence is the name of the out
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| What is the octect rule? | a max of 8 (or less) electrons can occupy the outer shell.
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| How do you determine the number of electrons that can occupy a shell? (formula) | 2n2 K-1, L-2, M-3 and so on.. ex. how many can fit in the M shell? 3x3= 9...9x2= 18
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| What dose atomic mass number refer to? | Atomic mass number refers to the total number protons and neutrons
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| What dose Atomic number refer to | total # of protons (or electrons if atom is stable)
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| What is an element? | elements are the simplest form of substances that compose matter. Made up of only one atom and unchanging # of protons
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| what makes a molecule? | 2 or more atoms bonded together
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| What are compounds? | a compound is a molecule that has at least 2 different elements
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| What are the 4 iso's and what are for? | isotopes , isomers, isobars and ,isotones. the isos are a way of classifying elemental relationships by the # of protons, neurons and electrons
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| what is the same in a isotope? | The # of protons
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| what stay the same in a isotone? | The # of neurons
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| what stays the same in a isobar | Atomic mass number
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| what stays the same in isomer | Everything, protons neurons and electrons ( but different energy)
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| What are the 2 ways atoms bond and how are the different? | Ionic and covalent Bonding. Ionic one gives up an electron (becoming positive) and the other takes it (becoming negative) works cause opposites attract.
Covalent.... when 2 atom share an electron that orbits both nuclei make same outer most shell.
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