Computed Tomography physics final
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| The mathematical techniques used by the computer to reconstruct the computed tomography image are known as: a. Image reconstruction algorithms b. Computer programs c. Reformations d. pattern recognition | show 🗑
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| Which imaging communication protocol is used with picture archiving and communications systems? a. health level b. digital imaging and communications in medicine c. hospital information system d. radiology information system | show 🗑
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| show | B- Broadline
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| Data acquisition refers to: a. collecting x-ray transmission readings from the patient b. subjecting data to computer processing c. changing the data before they are displayed on a monitor d. storing the data from the patient to mag tapes or disks | show 🗑
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| True/False: Aliasing results in an artifact that appears as a moiré pattern in the image. | show 🗑
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| Which of the following is best used to describe patient dose in computed tomography? a. CTDI and MSAD b. isometric curves c. exposure doses d. collective doses | show 🗑
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| True/False: Processing images by computer is referred to as digital image processing. | show 🗑
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| Which type of artifact will appear on a digital image as a result of poor sampling of the analog signal? a. beam hardening b. partial volume c. aliasing d. poor sampling does not create artifacts | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | True
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| show | D- 0.59 mm
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| The main purpose of a filter used in computed tomography is to: a. decrease the mean energy at the detector b. reduce the intensity of the beam at the detector c. make the beam less uniform at the detector d. protect the patient | show 🗑
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| Which of the following refers to the size, shape, motion, and path traced by the x-ray beam as it scans the patient? a. detector tracing b. data acquisition c. beam geometry d. projection profile | show 🗑
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| show | b. attenuation
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| Which of the following represents the correct expression of Lambert Beer’s law? a. I = Ioe +µb b. I = Ioe –µ c. I = Ioe –µx d. Io = Ioe –µa | show 🗑
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| How many pixels make up a computed tomography image whose matrix size is 512 x 512? | show 🗑
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| Attenuation of a beam of radiation depends on: I. the atomic number II. the electrons per gram of tissue III. the size of the anode | show 🗑
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| The most obvious difference between CT and radiography is: a. decreased visualization of artifacts b. increased spatial resolution c. CT shows cross sectional anatomy or trans-axial anatomy d. decreased patient dose | show 🗑
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| A computed tomography image of 12 bits per pixel means: a. each pixel can have a total of 4096 shades of gray b. the pixel size is 12 mm c. the voxel size is 12 mm d. the matrix is 4096 x 4096 | show 🗑
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| True/False: The window width controls the image contrast and the window level controls the image brightness. | show 🗑
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| The computed tomography gantry houses all of the following except: a. collimators b. the x-ray tube and generator c. the detector electronics d. the central processing unit | show 🗑
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| All of the following are categories of computed tomography software except: a. detector software b. image postprocessing software c. preprocessing software d. reconstruction software | show 🗑
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| he couch top (table top) of a computed tomography scanner table should have the following: I. low radiation absorption characteristics II. made of carbon fibers III. excellent vibration-damping features | show 🗑
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| The computer system receives _________ data from the data acquisition system. a. analog b. digital c. manipulated d. hard copy | show 🗑
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| show | a. 0.5
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| As the window width increases, picture contrast: | show 🗑
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| show | I, II, and III
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| show | b. 150 mm
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| If you have a image matrix of 1024 and 400 images on a 12 bit system, how much storage is required? a. 4.9 MB b. 5,033 MB c. 35 MB d. 629 MB | show 🗑
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| What is the most satisfactory window (soft tissue) for a general survey of the abdomen out of the choices below? a. 400 ww & 40 wl b. 40 ww & 400 wl c. -500 ww & 50 wl d. 500 ww& -100 wl | show 🗑
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| show | d. slice sensitivity profile
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| show | thinner
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| show | I and III
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| show | a. convolution
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| True/False: Low-contrast resolution can be measured with phantoms that contain low-contrast objects of different sizes. | show 🗑
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| True/False: The ideal pitch in spiral/helical computed tomography is 2:1. | show 🗑
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| show | I and II
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| Examples of stochastic effects include: I. cancer II. leukemia III. erythema | show 🗑
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| The pitch ratio is expressed as: | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| The maximum fluoroscopy time for continuous imaging is: | show 🗑
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| show | 6 mm
d = (24/4)
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| show | True
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| show | Flase
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| show | a. breast screening
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| show | b. rebinning
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| The definition of pitch in a multislice scanner, as defined by the International Electrotechnical Commission, states: | show 🗑
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| The computed tomography detector consists of: I. radiation sensors II. suitable electronics III. photodiode | show 🗑
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| show | solid-state scintillation detector
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| show | maximum intensity projection (MIP)
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| show | I, II and III
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| True/False: Only some of the information collected from the voxels that compose each of the scanned slices goes to the computer for image reconstruction. | show 🗑
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| Clinical applications of three-dimensional imaging in computed tomography include all of the following except: a. craniomaxillofacial complex b. endocrine system c. gastrointestinal system d. pulmonary system | show 🗑
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| show | I, II and III
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| show | I, II and III
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| show | opacity
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| True/False: Most experts agree that surface rendering is not best suited for use in computed tomography virtual reality imaging. | show 🗑
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| The next step after data acquisition that is intended to optimize the images before they are subject to further processing and analysis is: | show 🗑
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| show | 18 F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG)
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| show | II and III
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| show | True
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| By modeling noise properties and the scanned object first, the following limitations due to noise in the reconstructed image are overcome except: a. lower dose exams b. large patients c. thin slices d. decreased pitch | show 🗑
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| show | Axial
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| Which tests the performance of a computed tomography scanner on a number of parameters and compares the performance with a standard? a. quality administration b. quality assurance c. quality control d. quality maintenance | show 🗑
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| The tolerance limit for a computed tomography number calibration quality control test is: | show 🗑
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| manufactures offer these IR algorithms commercially except: a. iterative methods w/out modeling b. statistical methods w/ modeling of photon counting statistics. c. FBP algorithm d. model-based methods, that exceed statistical modeling | show 🗑
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| Studies requiring reformatted images are acquired with ________ slices. | show 🗑
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| show | d. Reduce artifacts caused by patient motion
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| show | c. Correction term
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| Limitations presented by filtered back projection (FBP) algorithm include each of the following except: a. image noise b. artifact creation c. patient dose d. speed | show 🗑
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| show | combined applications to reduce exposure, new ultra-fast ceramic detectors, on-line dose modulation
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| show | MSDP, SSDP, CTDI, MSAD, and isodose curves
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| examples of magnetic storage | show 🗑
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| Define optical disk storage | show 🗑
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| show | Scanner, Scene, Object, Display
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| Major OS used in CT include: | show 🗑
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| what is the pixel size formula? | show 🗑
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| another word for ADC | show 🗑
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| Pre-processing (with ADC/digitizer) includes what | show 🗑
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| define spacial domain | show 🗑
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| define frequency domain | show 🗑
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| another name for HU numbers | show 🗑
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| HU are calculated using what? | show 🗑
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| show | A linear attenuation coefficient
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| A group of rays is a ........ | show 🗑
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| show | nutating
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| show | raw data
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| show | rebinning
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| what includes contrast enhancement, histogram stretching, histogram modification, contrast stretching or simply windowing | show 🗑
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| changing scan parameters can affect | show 🗑
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| show | beam hardening
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| show | MTF or modulation transfer function
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| what can be used to generate a MTF | show 🗑
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| show | increases
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| What is SSP/Slice sensitivity profile | show 🗑
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| show | SSDP, MSDP, CTDI, MSAD, Isodose curves
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| show | MSAD it is the average from all the bell shaped dose curves summed
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| show | the mAs per slice in multi-slice CT
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| show | effective mA= true mAs / pitch
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