Cogs17 Vocab
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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show | Ipsilateral / Contralateral
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show | Lateral / Medial
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show | Ventral / Dorsal
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A structure above another vs. one below another | show 🗑
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show | Coronal / Saggital / Horizontal
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show | Diencephalon
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Division of the Forebrain that ultimately becomes the Cerebral Cortex, Basal Ganglia, Limbic System, etc. | show 🗑
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Hindbrain structure, controls vital reflexes | show 🗑
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show | Pons
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show | Cerebellum
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show | Reticular Formation
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Core strip of cells through hind-and mid-brain, involved in sleep | show 🗑
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Midbrain structure involved in motor processes | show 🗑
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Midbrain structure involved in sensory processes, includes Superior (visual) and Inferior (auditory) Colliculi | show 🗑
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show | Hypothalamus
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show | Pituitary Gland
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show | Thalamus
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show | Limbic System
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Forebrain structure, involved in the formation of new memories | show 🗑
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Forebrain structure, associated especially with anger and fear | show 🗑
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Forebrain structure, layer mediating between cortex and lower systems, especially for socio-emotional evaluation | show 🗑
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show | Olfactory Bulb
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Forebrain structure including Caudate Nucleus, Putamen & Globus Pallidus, involved in control of movement | show 🗑
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show | Basal Forebrain
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show | Cerebral Cortex
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Set of axons connecting the two cerebral hemispheres | show 🗑
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show | Occipital Lobe
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Lobe of the cortex, lateral, primarily involved in auditory processing (e.g. A1 and Wernicke's) and higher visual (IT) | show 🗑
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Lobe of the cortex posterior to the Central Sulcus, primarily involved in somatosensory and visio-spatial maps | show 🗑
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show | Frontal Lobe
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show | Spinal Cord
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show | Dorsal Root / Ventral Root
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show | Bell-Magendie Law
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Area of the Spinal Cord (as seen in cross-section) consisting of soma vs. of myelinated axons | show 🗑
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Tube through core of Spinal Cord containing fluid | show 🗑
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Four hollow chambers (plus aqueducts) in brain that produce the fluid that feeds, cleans and cushions brain | show 🗑
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Fluid, produced by ventricles, found within Spinal Cord and in covering surrounding CNS | show 🗑
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show | Meninges
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Semi-permeable barrier, controls what chemicals enter brain, created by closing gaps between capillaries' endothelial cells | show 🗑
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show | Somatic Nervous System
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show | Autonomic Nervous System
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show | Sympathetic / Parasympathetic NS
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Extreme compensatory response of one system to extreme activation of the other - can lead to fainting, ulcers, voodoo death | show 🗑
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show | Neurons
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Cells in the Nervous System responsible for support, feeding, recycling, development, etc | show 🗑
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Organelles in a cell that are the site of protein production, crucial to much neural functioning | show 🗑
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show | Mitochondria
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show | Dendrites / Axon
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Difference in the amount of a given chemical inside/outside a cell vs. a difference in charge inside/outside a cell | show 🗑
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Symbols for 4 key chemical elements in neural functioning - including 3 positive ions, 1 negative ion | show 🗑
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Name for and amount of difference in charge inside/outside cell, in millivolts (mV), in a polarized cell ready to fire | show 🗑
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show | Sodium-Potassium Pump
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show | Action Potential
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show | Axon Hillock
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show | Graded Potential
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show | Ionic / Electrical Conduction
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show | Saltatory Conduction
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Glia cells wrapping around sections of an axon to insulate it and speed its information transmission | show 🗑
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Gaps between myelin sheaths on an axon | show 🗑
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Disease that destroys myelin; no ion gates under sheath so neuron cannot fire | show 🗑
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Period following an Action Potential during which the cell cannot (or is more difficult to) fire | show 🗑
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The event in which one cell releases NT and that NT affects another cell | show 🗑
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The gap between cells across which NT passively floats | show 🗑
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The cell that releases the NT vs. the cell that receives the NT | show 🗑
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show | Pre-Synaptic Terminal
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show | Vesicles
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The release of NT into cleft via its packet opening at a Fusion Pore in the cell's membrane | show 🗑
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show | Receptor Site
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show | EPSP / IPSP
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show | Hyper / Hypo-Polarization
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show | Summation
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When NT has direct effect on ion channels in Postsynaptic cell vs. indirect effects via internal metabolic processes | show 🗑
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Chemical in Postsynaptic cell involved in energy-requiring processes (including altering ion channels) triggered by NT | show 🗑
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show | Neuro-transmitters / -modulators
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Chemical (endogenous or man-made) that acts to facilitate (via imitation or enhancement) vs. to block the effects of specific NTs | show 🗑
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Process by which NTs or their components re-enter the Presynaptic cell for re-use. | show 🗑
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Enzyme in cleft that breaks down Acetylcholine | show 🗑
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Site on Presynaptic terminal that reacts to that cell's own NT, usually acting to turn off/down that cell's further NT release | show 🗑
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show | Axoaxonic Synapses
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show | 6 Hormones
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show | ACh Acetylcholine
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show | DA Dopamine
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show | 5-HT Serotonin
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Norepinepherin | show 🗑
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Adrenalin | show 🗑
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Glutamate | show 🗑
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show | GABA
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Substance P | show 🗑
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Endorphins | show 🗑
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In the new embryo, the outermost layer of cells - becomes the nervous system and skin | show 🗑
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show | Neural Plate
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A pair of ridges all along the above that begin to curl towards each other | show 🗑
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The long hollow chamber that is formed when the above meet and fuse, inner surface becomes the CNS | show 🗑
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show | Neural Crest
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show | Spina Bifida
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show | Stem Cells
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Cell division that produces two identical offspring vs. produces one identical and one new (neuron or glial) cell | show 🗑
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An early type of glial cell that extends its processes out like wheel spokes for the developing neurons to migrate along | show 🗑
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Glia cells that are positioned to direct growing axons towards their target cells | show 🗑
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Cell Death as determined by "suicide genes" that cause developing neurons to package their contents & destroy themselves | show 🗑
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show | Neurotrophins
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One type of the above, from muscles & organs, that promotes survival and growth of axons in the brain and Sympathetic NS | show 🗑
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Newly formed axonal branch that replaces another (that has died off) at a synapse | show 🗑
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New outgrowths on, or subdividing of, the processes that receive NT, in response to an enriched enviornment, learning, etc. | show 🗑
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The production of new cells | show 🗑
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show | Migration
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The formation of new synapses | show 🗑
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show | Fire together > Wire together
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show | Proliferation
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show | Migration
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The formation of new synapses | show 🗑
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A mnemonic for the rule that co-activated cells tend to be strengthened in their connectivity and out-compete neighboring cells | show 🗑
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show | Convergence (or Summation)
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show | Divergence
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Set of receptors whose actitvity influences the activity of target cell | show 🗑
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Type of above: stimulating center increases target response, non-center decreases it | show 🗑
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show | Topological
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show | Magnification
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An area of the brain specialized for processing one particular type of information | show 🗑
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The problem posed by having several of the above, and yet perceiving wholes | show 🗑
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Rear layers of neurons in the eyeball | show 🗑
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Cells that respond to light; show spontaneous, graded release of inhibitory NT | show 🗑
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Above that are convergent, sensitive to motion & low light, mainly in periphery | show 🗑
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Above that connect few:1, sensitive to color & detail, dispersed plus conc'd in center | show 🗑
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show | Fovea
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Next cell in pathway, spontaneous, graded potentials, release excitatory NT | show 🗑
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Inter-neurons that modify reaction of above, implicated in color opponency | show 🗑
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show | Ganglions
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show | Optic Nerve
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Place where above leaves eye for brain, also called "Blind Spot" | show 🗑
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Inter-neurons that modify reaction of above, implicated in contrast effects | show 🗑
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show | Dim
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show | Bright
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show | Acuity
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show | Sensitivity
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show | Lateral Inhibition
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Illusion created by above that alters perception of central grey depending on its surround | show 🗑
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Direction of inhibition (uni- or bi-directional?) in direction-senstive motion circuit | show 🗑
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Nucleus in Thalamus that processes most visual information from eye | show 🗑
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show | Column
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In cortex, set of cells that all have same RF and include set of orientation cols & blobs | show 🗑
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show | Retinotopic Map
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Primary Projection area for vision in Occipital Lobe of cortex | show 🗑
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Visual pathway specialized for color and detail, that "flows" along bottom of cortex | show 🗑
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Above also called...because it terminates in this lobe of the cortex | show 🗑
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show | What/Who Pathway
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show | Parvocellular or X Ganglions
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show | Magnocellular Pathway
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show | Parietal Pathway
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show | Where/How Pathway
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Large ganglion cells that begin this pathway, with large RFs & transient response | show 🗑
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show | Superior Colliculus
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Tho vis cortex damaged & no visual experience, midbrain enables some vis localization | show 🗑
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Color coding per ratio of activity of 3 cone types reponding to 3 overlapping ranges of freqs | show 🗑
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Recoding of above, via lateral inhibition from Horizontal cells, into Red/Green & Blue/Yellow | show 🗑
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LGN or Ganglions with R+G-, G+R-, B+Y- or Y+B- receptive fields | show 🗑
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V4-mediated process that enables ID of color under diff light conditions (AKA "Retinex Theo") | show 🗑
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show | Simple Cells
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show | Complex Cells
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Number of dark/light changes per degree of visual angle | show 🗑
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show | High Frequency
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show | Low Frequency
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show | Inferior Temporal or IT
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show | Prosopagnosia
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Cortex with direction-sensitive cells, responds best to stimulus moving across retina | show 🗑
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Cort4x with optic-flow detectors that repond best to contraction/expansion of whole scene | show 🗑
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In V2 or MT, cells that respond to degrees of diff between location of an image on 2 retina | show 🗑
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show | Tympanic Membrane
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Three tiny bones linked into lever system, amplify vibrations of above | show 🗑
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show | Oval Window
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Thick, incompressible, potassium-rich fluid that fills… | show 🗑
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Coiled, three-chambered tube in Inner Ear which contains… | show 🗑
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show | Organ of Corti
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Membrane that runs along floor of above structure, moves up and down | show 🗑
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show | Tectorial Membrane
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show | Hair Cells
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Tiny "hairs" extending from above cells whose deformation initiates transduction | show 🗑
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Ion that enters receptor, descreasing its polarity | show 🗑
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show | Ca++
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show | Glutamate
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show | Graded Potential
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show | Spiral Ganglions or ANFs
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show | Action Potential
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show | Place Coding
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show | Temporal Coding
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show | Refractory Period
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Since each above can only fire 1/1000sec, must work together at alt. intervals | show 🗑
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show | Phase Locked
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Diffs used for localization, caused by "head shadow" attenuating high freqs | show 🗑
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Diffs used for localization, comparing peak & trough of lower frequencies | show 🗑
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Diffs used for localization, per race of left vs. right Onset signals to Superior Olive | show 🗑
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Receptor Cells that show divergent connectivity, for detail freq discrimination | show 🗑
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show | Outer Hair Cells
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show | Auditory Nerve
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Above is part of (?) Cranial Nerve | show 🗑
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Next synapse in Medulla, beginning of separate information pathways | show 🗑
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show | Primary Like Cell
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show | Tonotopic Map
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show | Onset Cell
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show | Build Up Cell
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When information from only one ear is involved, as in the above | show 🗑
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When info from both ears is combined, good for localization, as in the following… | show 🗑
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Next auditory site, also in Medulla, responsible for Orienting Reflex | show 🗑
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Next auditory site, in Midbrain, where info integrated with visual at nearby site | show 🗑
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Next auditory site, in Thalamus, site of among other things… | show 🗑
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Primary Projection Area for audition, in Temporal Lobe of cortex | show 🗑
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show | A2
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show | Wernicke's Area
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show | Music
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show | Hair Cells
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Ion, when not/allowed to enter cell, changes receptor's polarity | show 🗑
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show | Spontaneous Firing Rate
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Where receptors respond to head tilt via gravity-induced deformation by crystals | show 🗑
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show | Semi-Circular Canals
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Effect when visual and/or motor feedback is inconsistent with vestibular info | show 🗑
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Cranial nerve (?) shared with audition | show 🗑
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show | Free Nerve Endings
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show | Nociceptors
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Class of receptors that respond to touch and internal movement | show 🗑
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Detection of internal movement of muscles and organs | show 🗑
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Type of response by above type of receptors (graded or action potentials?) | show 🗑
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Process by which one type of receptor is fatigued, showing its role in coding | show 🗑
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show | Ventral Posterior Nuc or VPN
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show | Spinal Thalamic Pathway
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Path for touch and internal motion info to brain, crossing over in Brainstem | show 🗑
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show | MLP
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When damage to one side of spine results in diff losses on ipsi- vs. contra-lateral sides | show 🗑
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show | Post-Central Gyrus
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Name of topological map of body surface found there | show 🗑
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Parts of body that fill disproportionate areas of this map | show 🗑
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show | Substance P
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Theory concerning the top-down blocking of pain info entering brain | show 🗑
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show | Peri-Aquaductal Grey or PAG
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show | Endorphins
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Type of inter-neuron in spine that responds to above input | show 🗑
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show | Naloxone
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show | Striate Muscles
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One type of above, that moves bone toward body, in antagonistic pair with… | show 🗑
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show | Extensors
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Where neuron releases NT that depolarizes muscle fiber cells > contraction | show 🗑
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show | Acetylcholine ACh
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The contractile unit of a muscle fiber, consisting of… | show 🗑
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show | Myosin
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show | Actin
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A proprioceptor that detects passive stretch of a muscle, triggering… | show 🗑
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show | Stretch Reflex
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show | Golgi Reflex
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show | Pain Withdrawal Reflex
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A reflex involving an Oscillator Circuit producing a fixed-rate rhythm | show 🗑
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Reflexes, such as "rooting" or "grasping", found in newborns | show 🗑
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Area of cortex that includes body map, sends movement commands to Stem and Cord | show 🗑
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show | Pre-Central Gyrus
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Anterior to above, active during preparation to move, receives esp from Visua-Spatial areas | show 🗑
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Above includes cells that respond to image of self, or other, performing familiar manual task | show 🗑
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Lateral area that plans articulation, helps generate gramatical sentences (esp in left hemi) | show 🗑
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show | Supplementary Motor Cortex
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show | Cortico-Spinal Pathway
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show | Red Nucleus (of Tegmentum)
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Mainly ipsilateral pathways for posture & gross movement of neck, shoulders & trunk | show 🗑
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show | Cerebellum
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show | Ballistic
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show | Purkinje Cells
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"Wires" in above whose action potentials release excitatory NT | show 🗑
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Central areas that receive from "telephone poles" and send output to Brain/Cord | show 🗑
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Set of forebrain structures controlling posture, muscle tone, & smooth movement | show 🗑
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Movement impairment, marked by rigidity, tremors etc, from degeneration of… | show 🗑
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Midbrain structure whose dopaminergic axons synapse in Basal Ganglia | show 🗑
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show | L-Dopa
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EEG while awake/active, 18-24 Hz, Very high freq, very desynchronized | show 🗑
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EEG while awake/relaxed, 8-12 Hz, Like above, somewhat more sync’d | show 🗑
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EEG during Sleep I, 4-7 Hz, Lower freq, still quite irregular, more sync'd | show 🗑
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show | Delta Activity
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During Sleep 2, 2 types of intermittent bursts of high freq or voltage, as brain settles into deeper sleep | show 🗑
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Another term for Sleep 3 & 4, re: its low frequency EEG and highly synchronized activity | show 🗑
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show | REM (Rapid Eye Movement)
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|
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Another name for above due to its contradictory nature (active, desynch'd brain, but paralyzed body) | show 🗑
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show | Atonia
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Sequence of activation in Pons => (Lateral) Geniculate => Occipital Cortex that initiates dream sleep | show 🗑
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show | ACh
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Duration ( minutes) of one sleep cycle through Stages 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, “Dream” sleep | show 🗑
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Condition after sleep deprivation in which system attempts to enter “Dream” sleep more frequently | show 🗑
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Location in Hypothalamus of Circadian Clock | show 🗑
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“Time Giver”, a stimulus, such a bright sunlight, that can reset Circadian Clock | show 🗑
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Path of Optic Nerve collateral that connects special visual receptors in eye directly to clock | show 🗑
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Gland that produces a hormone that impacts on Hypothalamus to increase sleepiness | show 🗑
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show | Melatonin
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|
||||
Forebrain structure (anterior & dorsal to Hypothal) that modifies arousal in cortex | show 🗑
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Neurotransmitter released by above that increases cortical arousal | show 🗑
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Neurotransmitter released by above that decreases cortical arousal | show 🗑
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show | Adenosine
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show | Caffeine
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show | PreOptic Area
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show | Raphe Nuclei
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show | Serotonin (5HT)
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“Net” from Medulla & Pons, for widespread arousal of Forebrain, esp Thalamus and Basal Forebrain | show 🗑
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Two neurotransmitters released by above, to alert brain | show 🗑
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show | Locus Coeruleus
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show | Norepinepherine (NE)
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show | Organizing vs. Activating
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show | Estrogens vs. Androgens
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show | XX vs. XY
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||||
Systems of ducts in fetus that become part of internal reproductive organs of Males vs. Females | show 🗑
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A Male hormone, produced by testes, responsible for development of Male anatomy and behavior | show 🗑
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Another Male hormone that inhibits development of Female system of internal ducts | show 🗑
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show | Testis-Determining Factor (TDF)
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show | Androgen-Insensitivity
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show | Turner’s Syndrome
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A Female hormone, (similar to Testosterone) that, once inside fetal cells, promotes Male development | show 🗑
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Chemical in fetal bood that prevents mother’s hormones from entering fetal cells and masculinizing fetus | show 🗑
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show | Medial Preoptic Area (MPOA)
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show | Sexually Dimorphic Nuc (SDN)
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show | INAH3
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show | Ventro-Medial H. (VMH),
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Fibers connecting cortical hemispheres which is thicker in Females, who are thus less-lateralized | show 🗑
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show | Gonadotropin-Releasing (GnRH)
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Two Gonadotropic hormones that stimulate development and behavior in both genders | show 🗑
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show | Androstenedione
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|
||||
Area near Basal Forebrain associated with the sensation of sexual pleasure | show 🗑
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show | Dopamine
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|
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show | Oxytocin
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|
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Hormone released by Anterior Pituitary for refractory period in Males and milk production in Females | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Periaqueductal Gray Area
🗑
|
||||
Neurotransmitter released by above area, including to supress potential for pain | show 🗑
|
||||
show | James-Lange Theory
🗑
|
||||
Theory: Once threat perceived (via Thalamus), emotion is simultaneous ANS activity & subjective experience | show 🗑
|
||||
Update of above that includes Limbic Syustem in circuit | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Schater-Singer Theory
🗑
|
||||
Key Limbic structure implicated in interpreting valenced situations and coordinating an emotional response | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Corticomdial Area
🗑
|
||||
Area of above responsible for coordinating Startle Reflex | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Central & Basolateral Nuclei
🗑
|
||||
Degenerative calcium buildup in Amygdala that results in deficits in interpreting facial expressions | show 🗑
|
||||
Area of cortex, w/reciprocal connections to Amygdala, involved in expressing, inhibiting & reading emotion | show 🗑
|
||||
Famous patient with damage to above area from accident during building railway | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Theory of Mind
🗑
|
||||
Prefrontal assessment of negative situation one is powerless to affect, can lead to Parasym-rebound ulcers | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Anterior Insula
🗑
|
||||
show | Emotional Facial Paresis
🗑
|
||||
show | Volitional Facial Paresis
🗑
|
||||
Common task used in lab to assess risk aversion | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Serotonin
🗑
|
||||
show | CCK
🗑
|
||||
show | GABA
🗑
|
||||
show | Law of Effect
🗑
|
||||
show | Classical Conditioning
🗑
|
||||
Developed association between stimulus and response | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Hebbian Cell Assemblies
🗑
|
||||
Physical changes in cells involved in above, associated with learning | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Hippocampus
🗑
|
||||
show | Glutamate
🗑
|
||||
show | AMPA
🗑
|
||||
show | NMDA
🗑
|
||||
Type of ion that blocks ion gate of above receptor site | show 🗑
|
||||
show | AMPA
🗑
|
||||
show | Dendritic Branching
🗑
|
||||
Act by post-synaptic cell membrane that results in division of "active zone" of pre-synaptic terminal | show 🗑
|
||||
DNA transcribed to RNS translated to Protein production that increases likelihood of neural activity | show 🗑
|
||||
Rare (except in Hippocampus) generation of new neurons associated with learning | show 🗑
|
||||
Recall of specific locations, spatial judgments of familiarity | show 🗑
|
||||
Area of brain in which above process has been well studied/described | show 🗑
|
||||
Motor Skill, How to do it (peck a target, ride a bike) | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Cerebellum & Striatum
🗑
|
||||
Episodic (personal history) & Semantic/Associative (facts) memory | show 🗑
|
||||
Areas of brain in which above process has been well studied/described | show 🗑
|
||||
Types of cells found in Hippocampus whose activity becomes associated with particular parts of a familiar env | show 🗑
|
||||
The type of map formed by a subject who gets to know the spatial layout of a particular environment | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Lateral Imterpositus (LIP)
🗑
|
||||
show | Red Nucleus
🗑
|
||||
Task requiring application of rule "Pick alternative that is the same as the sample stimulus" | show 🗑
|
||||
Area leasioned in rats caused impairment on above task | show 🗑
|
||||
Area that projects to Prefrontal Cortex, implicated in declarative memory | show 🗑
|
||||
Area of Cortex associated with "working memory", especially when response delays are involved | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Korsakoff's Syndrome
🗑
|
||||
show | Anterograde Amnesia
🗑
|
||||
Symptom of above involving "tale-telling" in which imagination not distinguished from knowledge | show 🗑
|
||||
Famous patient with damage to Hippocampus & other temporal areas. Symptoms include… | show 🗑
|
||||
Deficit in ability to generate new ("consolidate") memories | show 🗑
|
||||
Type of learning/memories above patient unable to form | show 🗑
|
||||
Above patient did NOT show deficits in this type of learning/memory | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Amygdala
🗑
|
||||
show | Prosopagnosia
🗑
|
||||
show | Inferior Temporal Cortex
🗑
|
||||
show | Dorsal Temporal Cortex
🗑
|
||||
Dominance of one cerebral hemisphere over the other for particular functions | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Wada Test
🗑
|
||||
show | Planum Temporale
🗑
|
||||
show | Interference
🗑
|
||||
Main bundle of axons connecting two hemispheres | show 🗑
|
||||
Patient in whom above connections have been severed (as in treatment for Epilepsy) | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Anterior Commisure
🗑
|
||||
Hemisphere dominant for most language processing | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Broca's Area
🗑
|
||||
show | Frontal Cortex (Lateral Premotor)
🗑
|
||||
Type of aphasia associated with damage to this area | show 🗑
|
||||
One type of difficulty in above, in which speech is slow and halting | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Agrammatism
🗑
|
||||
show | Closed Class Terms
🗑
|
||||
Deficit involving difficulty in "finding" words, esp of the above class | show 🗑
|
||||
Deficit in one aspect of the "language of the deaf" associated with the above | show 🗑
|
||||
Area associated with language comprehension | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Temporal Cortex (Dorso-Posterior)
🗑
|
||||
Type of aphasia associated with damage to this area | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Fluency
🗑
|
||||
show | Anomia
🗑
|
||||
Open (changeable) class of terms that includes nouns and verbs | show 🗑
|
||||
Deficit in which patient cannot understand spoken words at all (even if can read or write) | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Nonsensical Speech
🗑
|
||||
show | Sign Language Comprehension
🗑
|
||||
Cortical area in which damage would result in affecting above language of the deaf | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Arcuate Fasiculus
🗑
|
||||
Type of aphasia associated with damage to this area | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Phonemic Paraphasia
🗑
|
||||
show | Phonological Loop
🗑
|
||||
The following are specializations of this hemisphere | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Global Pattern Recognition
🗑
|
||||
Abilites involved in learning, remembering and navigating environments | show 🗑
|
||||
show | Socio-Emotional
🗑
|
||||
show | Music
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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willmichaelsen
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