advanced positioning scoliosis, lumbar flexion and extension
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| What is lumbar spine fusion radiography used for? | to determine if there is motion in the area of a spinal fusion, and evidence of structural change with scoliosis, and localization of herniated disks
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| When is lumbar spine fusion performed? | 6 months after surgery
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| How do we achieve maximum right lumbar bending on a radiograph? | pt. crosses the left leg over the right, move both heels toward the side that is flexed and immobilize with sandbags and move both shoulders laterally toward the flexed side.
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| CR entry for AP L-spine with R or L bending | perpendicular to L3 (1 1/2” above the crest)
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| Lateral hyperflexion and hyperextension spines are used to: | determine if motion is present in an area of spinal fusion and localize herniated disks
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| Lateral hyperflexion L-spine pt. position | pt. leans backward as much as possible, extending limbs as much as possible
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| Lateral hyperextension L-spine pt. position | pt. leans forward and draws the thighs up forcibly
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| CR entry for hyperflexion/extension L-spine | area of spinal fusion or to L3
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| 3 main patient prep points for scoliosis radiography | remove shoes, close collimation, PA projection
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| Where is the IR lined up for scoliosis radiography? | BOF to include 1” of iliac crests
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| First scoliosis radiograph | pt. stands normally in front of IR, checks the spinal curvature
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| Second scoliosis radiograph | distinguishes the primary from the secondary curvature – elevate pt. foot on the convex side of the primary curve 3-4”
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| CR entry for scoliosis | entering to the midpoint of the cassette
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| T-spine scoliosis films include what projections? | PA erect, PA prone, PA prone R lateral flexion, PA prone L lateral flexion
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