HND Immunology
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| Name the immunoglobulin classes. | show 🗑
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| show | Produced in response to protein antigens, it makes up 80% of the total antibodies in serum. It has a molecular weight of 150kD with 4 sub-types; IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4. Provides the bulk of immunity to blood born infections.
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| What response does IgG play a major part in? | show 🗑
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| show | It is the only antibody that can cross the placenta.
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| Describe immunoglobulin A. | show 🗑
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| show | The first antibody to be produced during primary response, it is expressed on the surface of B cells as a monomer and acts as the B cell receptor. As a free antibody in the blood it exists as a pentamer with a molecular weight of 900kD.
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| show | Found at low levels in serum, this monomer acts as an antigen binding site on B cells as it is also expressed on the B cell surface.
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| show | Only present at low levels in serum. Has a role in inflammation and allergy but gives protection against parasites. Binds to mast cells via it's Fc region and causes their de-granulation.
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| What is released from mast cells during their de-granulation ? | show 🗑
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| show | Secretory IgA, can be found in tears, saliva, sweat and breast-milk.
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| How many hyper-variable domains are found on IgG? | show 🗑
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| show | Internal monomeric from has 12 hyper-variable domains like IgG, but dimeric form has 24 hyper-variable domains.
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| show | IgM is a pentamer as a free antibody in blood, with each sub-unit containing 12 hyper-variable domains, meaning it has 60 hyper-variable domains overall, IgM expressed on B cell surfaces are monomers and so have 12 hyper-variable domains.
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| show | IgD is a monomer with 12 hyper-variable domains.
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| How many hyper-variable domains are found on IgE? | show 🗑
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| show | Kappa-kappa or lambda-lambda, can not be kappa-lambda.
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| What type of bond stabilises the 3D structure of an antibody? | show 🗑
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| show | They are identical.
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