fall 2017
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| Which of the following units are not SI units? (1) Roentgen (2) Coulombs per kilogram, gray, sievert (3) rad and rem | show 🗑
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| show | Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
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| show | Short-term somatic effects of radiation include nausea and fatigue, blood and intestinal disorders, and diffuse redness of the skin and shedding of its outer layer
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| show | fluoroscope
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| show | false
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| show | Quantity of ionization
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| show | Bone
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| One millirem equals ___________ rem. | show 🗑
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| show | 450
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| show | C/kg (coulombs per kilogram)
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| Who was the first American radiation worker to die from radiation-induced cancer in October 1904? | show 🗑
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| If a patient receiving x-ray therapy treatment receives a total dosage of 6000 rads, the dosage may be recorded as _____ if the SI system is used. | show 🗑
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| The quantity 15 Sv equals __________ rem | show 🗑
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| As the intensity of x-ray exposure of the air volume increases, the number of electron-ion pairs produced: | show 🗑
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| show | 4000 mSv
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| show | X-rays, beta particles, and gamma rays
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| show | Exposure
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| Alpha particles have a radiation weighting factor (WR) that is numerically equal to | show 🗑
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| Beta particles are actually: | show 🗑
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| show | 7.4
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| show | Collective effective dose (ColEfD)
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| show | Equivalent dose (EqD)
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| If a patient undergoing x-ray therapy receives a total dose of 3000 rad, the dose may be recorded as _____________ if the SI system is used. | show 🗑
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| Which of the following types of radiation has a WR of 20? Alpha particles Gamma radiation Neutrons, energy X-radiation | show 🗑
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| X-rays, beta particles (high-speed electrons), and gamma rays have been given a numeric adjustment value of 1 because they produce | show 🗑
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| Sv and R are the units used in the calculation of the radiation quantities EqD and EfD. | show 🗑
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| show | false
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| The lower the atomic number of a material, the more x-ray energy it absorbs. True | show 🗑
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| Biologic damage sustained by living organisms (such as human beings) as a consequence of exposure to ionizing radiation | show 🗑
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| What provides the basis for determining whether an imaging procedure or practice is justified? | show 🗑
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| Typically, people are more willing to accept a risk if they perceive that the potential benefit to be obtained is: | show 🗑
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| What amount of rem values equals 35 mSv? | show 🗑
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| The amount of energy transferred to electrons by ionizing radiation is the basis of the concept of: | show 🗑
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| show | ampere
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| Both occupational and nonoccupational dose limits may be stated in: 1. coulombs per kilogram. 2. grays. 3. Sieverts. | show 🗑
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| show | optimization for radiation protection (ORP).
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| show | greater awareness of radiation dose.
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| What tissues possesses the greatest ability to absorb radiant energy through the process of photoelectric absorption? | show 🗑
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| show | BERT method
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| show | 400 rem
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| show | 100 person sieverts
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| What is a special form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically charged particles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of the material with which it interacts? | show 🗑
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| Among physicians, cancer deaths attributed to x-ray exposure were reported as early as: | show 🗑
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| What is the latent period for most radiation-induced cancers? | show 🗑
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| show | also increases
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| Alpha particles have a radiation weighting factor (WR) that is numerically equal to: | show 🗑
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| show | Dose area product
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| show | 6.3 mSv
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| One thousand five hundred rem equals _________ Sieverts. | show 🗑
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| show | 1,2,and 3
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| The mass of an alpha particle is approximately: | show 🗑
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| show | shorter wavelengths and higher energies.
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| show | 1,2,3, and 4
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| show | exposure
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| Which of the following terms refers to the radiation that occurs when an electron drops down from an outer orbit to fill a vacancy in an inner orbit of the parent atom? | show 🗑
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| show | an atom transferring its energy by causing some or all of the electrons of the atom to vibrate momentarily and radiate energy in the form of electromagnetic waves.
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| In photoelectric absorption to dislodge an inner-shell electron from its atomic orbit, the incoming x-ray photon must be able to transfer a quantity of energy: | show 🗑
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| The radiosensitivity of ova: | show 🗑
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| show | Characteristic
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| Direct action may occur after exposure to any type of radiation, but it is much more likely to happen after exposure to: | show 🗑
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| How many different amino acids are involved in protein synthesis? | show 🗑
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| While passing through a human cell, an x-ray photon interacts with and inactivates the cell’s master molecule. What is the consequence for the cell? | show 🗑
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| Particles associated with electromagnetic radiation that have no mass or electric charge are: | show 🗑
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| show | 1,2,and 3
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| Which of the following groups of cells is least radiosensitive? Adult nerve cells Nerve cells in an embryo or fetus Lymphocytes Immature spermatogonia | show 🗑
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| show | 13.8
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| show | Survival curve
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| Coherent scattering is most likely to occur ____________ even though some of this scattering occurs throughout the diagnostic range and may result in small amounts of radiographic fog. | show 🗑
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| Inorganic materials are compounds that: | show 🗑
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| Which of the following results in all-directional scatter? | show 🗑
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| As LET increases, the ability of ionizing radiation to cause biologic effects: | show 🗑
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| show | 4
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| show | s
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| Which of the following tissues contain cells that do not divide? 1. Epithelial tissue 2. Muscle tissue 3. Nervous tissue in an adult | show 🗑
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| show | 2 and 3 only
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| show | incoherent scattering
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| X-rays are carriers of: | show 🗑
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| show | 1, 2, and 3
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| show | Lymphocytes
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| show |
6.0 Gyt
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| The term apoptosis is synonymous with: | show 🗑
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| Which two interactions between x-radiation and matter may result in the production of small-angle scatter? | show 🗑
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| show | fighting infection.
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| show | 1 and 2 only
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| The steps, or rungs, of the DNA ladder-like structure consist of complementary chemicals that are: | show 🗑
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| If bone marrow cells have not been destroyed by exposure to ionizing radiation, they can: | show 🗑
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| _________ of the effects of x-radiation and gamma in macromolecules of living systems (in vivo) occur as a result of indirect action. | show 🗑
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| The probability of occurrence of photoelectric absorption _________ as the energy of the incident photon decreases and the atomic number of the irradiated atoms _________. | show 🗑
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| show | Mutation
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| What is a scavenger type of white blood cell that fights bacteria? | show 🗑
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| show | radiographic contrast.
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| show | 5000 to 10,000/mm3 of blood.
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| show | 1 and 3 only
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| In humans with the gastrointestinal form of ARS, the part of the body most severely affected is the: | show 🗑
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| show | increases
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| ___________ syndrome is not a form of acute radiation syndrome | show 🗑
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| show | 1,2, and 3
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| show | Shrinkage of organs and tissues after a high radiation dose is received
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| show | high-level fluoroscopy
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| show | Multiply to millions of cells only during fetal development
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| The correct order of development for the female germ cell from the stem cell phase to the mature cell is: | show 🗑
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| show | Nausea, epilation, intestinal disorders
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| The prodromal stage of acute radiation syndrome is also referred to as the: | show 🗑
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| Research has shown that repeated radiation injuries have a _________ effect. | show 🗑
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| show | bone marrow
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| Genetic mutations have been produced in experimental female animals when their ovaries were irradiated with doses as low as _____ Gy (_____ rad). | show 🗑
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| show | Alopecia
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| show | 24 to 48
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| A cytogenetic analysis of chromosomes may be accomplished through the use of a chromosome map. This may be called a | show 🗑
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| The correct order of development of the male germ cell from the stem cell phase to the mature cell is: | show 🗑
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| show | But successful results have not been achieved in these studies
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| Which of the following factors govern organ and tissue response to radiation exposure? 1. Growth rate 2. Radiosensitivity 3. Reproductive characteristics | show 🗑
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| show | High radiation doses
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| What is the reason why the ovaries should be shielded whenever possible during all imaging procedures? | show 🗑
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| A decrease in the number of neutrophils can be caused by a radiation dose of _____ Gy (_____ rad). | show 🗑
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| During the major response stages of acute radiation syndrome after the initial stage, the period when symptoms that affect the hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and cerebrovascular systems become visible is called: | show 🗑
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| Which of the following measures of lethality may be a more relevant indicator of outcome for humans? | show 🗑
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| When a prediction is made that the number of excess cancers in a given population will increase as the natural incidence of cancer increases in that population with age, the risk is described by which of the following terms? | show 🗑
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| Radiation dose-response curves can be used to predict the risk of _________ in human populations that have been exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation | show 🗑
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| show | directly proportional to
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| show | Cancer in human populations exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation
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| show | Linear nonthreshold dose-response curve
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| show | nonlinear, threshold
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| Of the following late somatic effects caused by exposure to ionizing radiation, which effect is considered to be most important? | show 🗑
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| show | 0.10; 10
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| Cataracts, leukemia, and genetic mutations are examples of: | show 🗑
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| show | All of the above
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| show | spontaneous
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| Existing data on radiation-induced genetic effects in humans: | show 🗑
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| show | 1.56 Sv (156 rem)
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| Genetic effects from exposure to ionizing radiation occur as a result of radiation-induced damage to the DNA molecule in which of the following? 1. Sperm of an adult male 2. Ova of an adult female 3. Somatic cells of male and female adults | show 🗑
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| What do agents such as chemicals, elevated temperatures, ionizing radiation, and viruses have in common? | show 🗑
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| show | Embryonic death
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| Radiation-induced abnormalities are caused by unrepaired damage to: | show 🗑
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| Normally mutations in genetic material occur spontaneously, without a known cause. A genetic disorder is present in approximately ____% of all live births in the United States | show 🗑
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| show | Need not experience any adverse health effects as a consequence of their work
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| show | point
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| What measures the effectiveness of ionizing radiation in causing mutations? | show 🗑
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| show | Recessive mutations
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| show | Leukemia
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| For a recessive mutation to appear in an offspring: | show 🗑
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| During the embryonic stage of development: | show 🗑
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| Which of the following are mutagens? 1. Elevated temperatures 2. Ionizing radiation 3. Viruses | show 🗑
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| show | Extensive experiments with fruit flies and mice
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| show | Animal studies of radiation-induced genetic effects
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| show | stochastic
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| The linear nonthreshold curve implies that biologic response is | show 🗑
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| Early demise of experimental animals exposed to nonlethal ionizing radiation actually resulted from: | show 🗑
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| show | Less than 0.01 Sv (1 rem)
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| show | 1,2 and 4
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| The radiation dose-response model is used to establish radiation protection standards because it accurately reflects the effects of: | show 🗑
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| Spontaneous mutations in human genetic material cause a wide variety of diseases including: 1. Down syndrome 2. Hemophilia 3. Sickle cell anemia | show 🗑
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| show | NRC
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| show | Functions as a monitoring agency in places of employment, Regulates occupational exposure to radiation-Part 1910 Title 29 of U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, & Responsible for regulations of the “right to know” of employees with regard to hazards in wor
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