Flashcards made directly from the Success! in Clinical Laboratory Science book
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
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| show | Erythrocyte
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| What percentage of tissue located in the bone marrow cavities of adults is fat? | show 🗑
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| What kind of stem cells possess self-renewal ability, produce progenitor cells committed to a single cell lineage, and are morphologically unrecognizable/ | show 🗑
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| In an adult, what are the two best areas for obtaining active bone marrow by aspiration? | show 🗑
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| What is the normal ratio of myeloid to erythroid precursors in the bone marrow (M:E ratio)? | show 🗑
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| The following accurately describes what growth factors: Bind to target cell receptors to express activity, May promote or suppress cell death, and can stimulate or inhibit cell proliferation? | show 🗑
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| show | Liver
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| The mechanism that relays information about tissue oxygen levels to erythropoietin-producing sites is located in the | show 🗑
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| show | thymus and bone marrow
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| show | apoptosis
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| in what area of the bone arrow does hematopoiesis take place? | show 🗑
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| bone marrow cellularity refers to the ratio of | show 🗑
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| interleukins and colony stimulating factors are cytokines produced by | show 🗑
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| What is the approximate total blood volume in an adult? | show 🗑
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| show | granulocytic, erythrocytic, monocytic, or megakaryocytic lineages
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| show | megakaryocytes
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| show | nucleus to cytoplasm ratio (N:C) decreases
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| What describes thrombopoietin (TPO) | show 🗑
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| show | myeloid metaplasia or extramedullary
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| show | 120 days
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| show | intracellular K+
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| what is the structure of the hemoglobin molecule? | show 🗑
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| what is the process known as culling? | show 🗑
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| hemoglobin forms that are incapable of oxygen transport include | show 🗑
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| the majority of iron found in an adult is a constituent of | show 🗑
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| show | lived its life span
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| what red cell morphologic abnormality is described by the term poikilocytosis | show 🗑
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| show | DNA
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| show | RBCs without central pallor
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| red cells found in lead poisoning characteristically exhibit coarse granules composed of ---?--- that are reported as ---?--- | show 🗑
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| show | multiple myeloma
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| show | absorption increases when erythropoietic activity increases
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| what term describes a mature red blood cell that contains iron granules or deposits? | show 🗑
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| show | decreased oxygen release
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| What are some of the things that characterize erythropoietin (EPO)? | show 🗑
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| show | increased hemoglobin binding of 2,3-BPG
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| periods of intense erythropoietin activity cause premature release of marrow reticulocytes into the blood, what is true about these early reticulocytes? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following inclusions is only visible with supravital staining? | show 🗑
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| the presence of schistocytes on the peripheral blood smear is commonly associated with | show 🗑
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| show | nucleated red cells in the peripheral circulation
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| microcytic, hypochromic red cells are most often associated with impaired | show 🗑
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| show | altered membrane lipids
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| show | Embden-Meyerhof
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| what red blood cell precursor is the last stage to undergo mitosis | show 🗑
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| the major adult hemoglobin requires the synthesis of alpha-globin chains and | show 🗑
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| defective nuclear maturation commonly results in the production of red cells that are | show 🗑
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| show | ferritin
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| excessive extravascular red cell destruction is associated with | show 🗑
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| show | haptoglobin
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| the morphologic abnormality characteristically found in hemoglobinopathies is | show 🗑
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| show | in mitochondria
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| spectrin is a protein that occupies a major role in | show 🗑
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| what is the function of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the red blood cell | show 🗑
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| what does measuring the total iron binding capacity (TIBC) represent? | show 🗑
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| show | storage iron
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| fetal hemoglobin differs from adult hemoglobin in that hemoglobin F | show 🗑
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| impaired DNA metabolism is a characteristic of | show 🗑
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| show | G6PD gene is located on the X chromosome
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| show | there are two small alpha chains, Hemoglobin E is the second most common hemoglobin variant known, and glutamic acid is normally found at position 26 of the beta chain
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| show | iron deficiency
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| The leading cause of folate deficiency is | show 🗑
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| show | apslenism may result from repeated sickling crises in the homozygous state, heterozygous persons may be partly protected from infection by falciparum malaria, and trait conditions are generally asymptomatic with no sickle cell formation
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| show | Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
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| What are some blood findings that would correlate with the presence of ringed sideroblasts in the bone marrow? | show 🗑
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| what is usually associated with marked reticulocytosis? | show 🗑
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| show | membrane cation permeability
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| in addition to an increase in red blood cells what would be a characteristic of polycythemia vera? | show 🗑
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| what are some characteristics of aplastic anemia? | show 🗑
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| what values would you expect to obtain on hemoglobin and hematocrit determinations done immediately after a major hemorrhage, if hemoglobin and hematocrit vanlues were normal prior to the hemorrhage? | show 🗑
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| show | no further testing is indicated
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| show | dacryocytes;myelofibrosis
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| show | myelophthisic
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| idopathic aplatic anemia is best defined as a form of anemia that | show 🗑
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| What is the name of one of the true red blood cell aplasias? | show 🗑
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| show | defective cardiac or pulonary function, high-altitude adjustment, hemoglobins with increased oxygen affinity
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| show | four gamma chains
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| show | hydrops fetalis
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| what two conditions shows similar cbc and blood smear findings? | show 🗑
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| what are some conditions associated with the presence of schistocytes and spherocytes? | show 🗑
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| a 30 year old woman who has been vomiting for 3 days has a hemoglobin of 19 g/dL, and a hematocrit of 54%. her results suggest the presence of | show 🗑
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| show | hemochromatosis
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| show | acanthocytes
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| what is the most common cause of iron deficiency | show 🗑
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| show | transfusion-dependent anemis, iron chelation therapy is necessary, common in persons of Mediterranean ancestry
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| show | serum iron decreased, transferrin decreased
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| show | neurological system
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| on what is the classification of sickle cell trait versus sickle cell disease based? | show 🗑
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| show | supportive therapy
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| show | reticulocyte count
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| a pre-operative 20 year old female has mild microcytic anemia, with target cells and stippled red cells observed on the blood smear, her hemoglobin A2 level is quantified at 5%, what do these findings suggest? | show 🗑
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| show | precipitation of denatured hemoglobin
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| show | rise in thr red cell count and hemoglobin level, increased number of Howell-Jolly bodies, transient elevation in the platelet count
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| what laboratory results would be consistent with accelerated red cell destruction | show 🗑
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| show | extracorpuscular factors
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| show | P antigens
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| show | anemia due to the lack of Vitamin B12
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| show | serum ferritin level
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| hemoglobinopathies are characterized by | show 🗑
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| show | spherocytosis
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| A characteristic oval shape occurs in the mature erythrocytes in hereditary ---?--- | show 🗑
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| What are some disorders commonly linked to the development of anemia of chronic disease | show 🗑
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| show | Tharget cells are frequently seen on the peripheral smears, red cells may contain bar-shaped intracellular crystals, the disorder is less severe than sickle cell disease
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| show | sickle cells
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| a bone marrow M:E ratio of 4:1 would be an expected finding for | show 🗑
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| show | secondary warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia
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| show | Gastric atrophy and achlorhydria, oval macrocytes and Howell-Jolly bodies, and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LD) and bilirubin
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| show | Hemoglobin D
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| A previously healthy man experiences weakness and hemoglobinuria after taking the antimalarial agent primaquine. This hemolytic attack most likely occurred because of a deficiency of | show 🗑
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| What condition is an acquired red cell membrane defect that results in increased sensitivity to complement binding | show 🗑
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| show | sideroblastic anemia
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| What statements relate to relative anemia of pregnancy | show 🗑
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| show | loss of erythopoietin synthesis
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| show | it is a stem cell, disorder, there is a risk of life-threatening infection, there are frequent bleeding complications
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| The fish tapeworm Diphylobothrium latum is associated with the development of | show 🗑
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| an increase in erythropoietin is not a normal compensating mechanism in what condition | show 🗑
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| show | Quantitative defect in globin-chain synthesis
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| what are characteristics of iron-deficiency anemia | show 🗑
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| show | by 6 months of age
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| the hemolysis associated with infection by malaria organisms is due to the | show 🗑
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| show | crenated cells caused by the incorrect blood to anticoagulant ratio
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| show | iron stores are depleted
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| the major mechanism responsible for the anemia of chronic disease is | show 🗑
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| show | it is refractory to treatment, the blocks in heme synthesis are unknown, it is a subtype of myelodysplastic syndromes
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| show | result of hyperplastic marrow activity
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| what accurately describes cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia? | show 🗑
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| show | sickle cell disease during crisis
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| show | homozygous beta-thalassemia, hereditary spherocytosis, hemoglobin SC disease
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| functionally white blood cells are divided into | show 🗑
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| show | monocyte
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| what is the approximate amount of time a granulocyte spends in the circulation before migrating into the tissues | show 🗑
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| what percentage of neutrophils in the peripheral blood constitutes the circulating pool | show 🗑
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| show | neutrophil
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| what is the growth factor that is primarily responsible for regulating granulocyte and monocyte production | show 🗑
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| show | myeloblasts and promyelocytes
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| show | increased cells in the blood due to a redistribution of blood pools
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| what is a characteristic of agranulocytosis | show 🗑
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| what are some characteristics of T lymphocytes | show 🗑
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| show | there is a relative lymphocytosis
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| show | true
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| what factors can be associated with variations in the total white blood cell count? | show 🗑
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| show | yes, neutropenia is associated with a risk of infection. the degree of neutropenia correlates with the infection risk from high susceptibility(<1.0x10^9/L) to great risk (<0.5x10^9/L). infection increases with the degree and duration of the neutropenia
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| show | morphologically, basophils resemble tissue mast cells; basophilic granules contain heparin and histamine, and the granules are water soluble.
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| show | mitosis
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| show | myelocyte
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| show | they contain a type of peroxidase that is distinct from that of neutrophils, eosinophils are an important line of defense against parasites, major basic protein is a component of eosinophil granules
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| show | coated with a phospholipid membrane
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| show | toxic granules and Dohle bodies in the neutrophils
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| show | diapedesis
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| vasodilation and bronchoconstriction are the result of degranulation by which of the following blood cells | show 🗑
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| on what basis can B and T lymphocytes be distinguished | show 🗑
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| cells that produce immunoglobulins in response to antigenic stimulation are designated | show 🗑
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| show | they have surface receptors for IgG and complement components, the contain alkaline phosphatase and muramidase, they act in nonspecific phagocytosis and are destined to die
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| show | a sharp indentation of the cytoplasmic margin by adjacent red blood cells, presence of large azurophilic granules, abundant, deeply basophilic cytoplasm
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| show | indentation of nucleus
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| lymphocyte concentrations in the peripheral blood are greatest during what age interval | show 🗑
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| what is true about macrophages | show 🗑
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| antigen-dependent lymphopoiesis occurs in secondary lymphoid tissue located in the | show 🗑
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| show | hydroxyl radicals (OH-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide anion (O2-)
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| in patients with infectious mononucleosis which blood cells are infected by the causative agent? | show 🗑
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| show | tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
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| show | Burkitt lymphoma
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| show | leukoerythroblastic reaction
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| in which anomaly is a failure of granulocytes to divide beyond the band or two-lobed stage observed | show 🗑
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| What are some cases where eosinophils would be increased | show 🗑
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| show | oxidative respiratory burst
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| show | essential thrombocythemia
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| an adult patient with massive splenomegaly has mild anemia, a slightly elevated WBC count, and a LAP score of 170. The smear shows teardrop erythrocytes and leukoerythroblastosis, these findings are most consistent with | show 🗑
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| show | B cell
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| show | increased IgM and blood hyperviscosity
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| show | "wrinkled" cytoplasm due to an accumulation of glucocerebroside
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| the presence of giant binucleated Reed-Sternberg cells with prominent nucleoli suggest a diagnosis of ---?--- disease rather than other lymphoproliferative disorders | show 🗑
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| show | increased C-reactive protein, increased fibrinogen level, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate
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| show | Acute promyelocytic leukemia (FAB type M3)
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| what is commonly found in acute myelogenous leukemias | show 🗑
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| A child has acute lympholastic leukemia that is precursor B cell type and CALLA positive, Analysis by flow cytometry would likely show cells that immunophenotype for | show 🗑
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| What disorders are classified as a myeloproliferative disorder | show 🗑
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| show | BCR/ABL
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| show | acute leukemia is defined as the presence of at least 20% bone marrow blasts; it groups lymphoid disorders into B cell, T/NK cell, and hodgkin lymphoma;diagnostic criteria include morphologic , cytochemical, immunologic,cytogenetic, and molecular features
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| show | leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score, presence of marked splenomegaly, neutrophils with Dohle bodies and toxic granulation
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| show | elevated leukocyte count
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| In what condition would a LAP score of 10 most likely be found | show 🗑
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| What conditions are associated with neutrophilia | show 🗑
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| in what conditions would an absolute monocytosis be seen? | show 🗑
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| show | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (FAB type L1)
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| What is among the diagnostic criteria used for classifying the myelodysplastic syndromes | show 🗑
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| Naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase (specific) is usually positive in ___?___ cells, and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (nonspecific) is useful for identifying blast cells of ___?___ lineage | show 🗑
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| the familial disorder featuring psuedo-Dohle bodies, thrombocytopenia, and large platelets is called | show 🗑
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| show | Mucopolysaccharide metabolism
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| show | serum and urine protein electrophoresis
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| show | peak incidence occurs in young adults, staging determines extent of disease and treatment course, almost a 2:1 male predominance over females is a characteristic
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| Blast cells that are CD14 and CD33 positive, Sudan black B positive, specific esterase positive, and of acute leukemia is most consistent with the immunophenotyping and cytochemical staining results | show 🗑
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| What type of leukemia is associated with the best prognosis for a cure | show 🗑
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| A bone marrow with 90% cellularity and myeloid:erythroid (M:E) ratio of 10:1 is most characteristic of | show 🗑
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| show | Refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS)
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| show | Hypersplenism, marrow injury or replacement, drug-induced antibodies
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| what are some characteristic findings in polycythemia vera | show 🗑
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| show | Chronic myelogenous leukemia
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| Acute erythroleukemia (FAB type M6) is characterized by increased | show 🗑
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| show | extramedullary hematopoiesis
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| Lymphadenopathy is the most common presenting symptom in what type of lymphoma | show 🗑
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| show | potassium ferricyanide and potassium cyanide
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| show | A2, C, E, and O
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| a patient with suspected sickle cell trait as negative solubility test results, but hemoglobin electrophoresis at pH 8.6 shows an apparent A-S pattern, what is the most likely explanation | show 🗑
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| What are some correct statements regarding the solubility test for Hemoglobin S? | show 🗑
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| What may be a reason for a falsely low ESR? | show 🗑
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| a platelet count is performed on an automated instrument from an EDTA sample. Smear eval reveals platelet clumps. the specimen is redrawn using a sodium citrate tube. a count of 300x10^9/L is obtained, what is the corrected platelet count to report | show 🗑
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| To best preserve cellular morphology, differential smears from an EDTA specimen should me made no more than ___?___hour(s) after collection | show 🗑
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| show | decrease the angle of the spreader slide
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| show | methylene blue and eosin
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| what is the reason for red blood cells to be bright red and the WBC nuclei to be poorly stained when using Wright's stain | show 🗑
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| show | 6.0% - the formula for calculating a reticulocyte cout in percent is (# of reticulocytes counted/total number of RBCs counted)*100. So (60/1000)*100=6.0%
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| show | 180X10^9/L -The formula used to calculate the absolute reticulocyte count is (retic %*RBC(10^12/L)/100)*1000
Multiplication by 100 is done to report the results in SI units of 10^9/L. So (6.0*3.0)/100*1000=180x10^9/L
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| Sudan black B stain is a stain for | show 🗑
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| The following numbers were obtained in evaluating leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) activity in neutrophils. What is the score? (0)15, (1)20, (2)30,(3)20,(4)15 | show 🗑
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| show | iron
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|
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| What kind of red cell inclusions stain with both Perl's Prussian blue and Wright's stain | show 🗑
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| show | 0.10 mm
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| show | 7.7X10^9/L - The standard formula for hemacytometer counts expressed in mm^2 is (total number cells counted*dilution factor)/(area counted*depth). In this instance (308*20)/(8m^2*0.10 mm)= 3160/0.8mm^3=7700/mm^3=7.7X10^9/L
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| show | falsely high
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|
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| what is the principle of automated impedance cell counters | show 🗑
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| a clinically significant difference between two electronic cell counts is indicated when the standard deviation is greater than | show 🗑
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| side angle scatter in a laser based cell counting system is used to measure | show 🗑
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| the hemoglobin A2 quantification using anion exchange chromatography will be valid in | show 🗑
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| what disorders would be associated with an increased osmotic fragility and a decreased surface area-to-volume ratio | show 🗑
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| show | solubility test for hemoglobin S
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|
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| show | reference interval
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|
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| to establish a standard curve for reading hemoglobin concentration | show 🗑
|
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| what could be a source of error when measuring hemoglobin by the cyanmethemoglobin method | show 🗑
|
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| show | a tube less than half full causes falsely low results, hemolysis causes falsely low results, trapped plasma causes falsely high results
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|
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| show | 8-20
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|
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| show | new methylene blue, a supravital stain, is used; RBC inclusions can result in falsely elevated counts; an erythrocyte must at least 4 blue particles to be counted as a reticulocyte
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|
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| show | after replacement of any major part
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|
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| Which of the following tests could be performed on a hemolyzed blood sample? Hemoglobin only; hemoglobin and platelet count; RBC count and hematocrit; no results would be reportable | show 🗑
|
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| for which of the following procedures would heparin be a recommended anticoagulant? platelet count; coagulation tests; smear-based red cell morphology; osmotic fragility | show 🗑
|
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| platelets appear dark against a light background using what microscopy | show 🗑
|
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| what is the quality control term used to describe the reproducibility of a test | show 🗑
|
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| ----ALL OTHER QUESTIONS IN CHAPTER 2 ARE BASED ON PHOTOGRAPHS OR CASE STUDIES. PLEASE REFER TO CHAPTER 2 FOR THESE--- | show 🗑
|
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