APCSP
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| abstraction | show 🗑
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| high level languages | show 🗑
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| show | language of operating systems
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| show | converted to binary numbers
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| electric signals | show 🗑
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| show | a bunch of facts that are not in any sort of order; usually unreadable
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| information | show 🗑
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| show | continuous data
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| digital | show 🗑
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| show | used to add and store negative integers
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| overflow | show 🗑
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| integers | show 🗑
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| show | numbers with decimals
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| radix point | show 🗑
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| show | text that matches up numerical values with western language; 0-127 characters
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| show | 256 characters; includes more detailed characters
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| show | 65,536 characters; includes characters for languages such as Chinese and Japanese; international; first 256 characters same as Extended ASCII
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| show | taking up less space; used with data
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| lossless | show 🗑
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| show | when you decompress it you will lose something; compresses it smaller
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| keyword encoding | show 🗑
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| run-length encoding | show 🗑
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| show | uses variable-length bit strings to represent each character
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| digitize | show 🗑
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| show | digitizes audio
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| .wav | show 🗑
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| show | audio; older; Mac; low compression
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| .mp3 | show 🗑
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| photoreceptors | show 🗑
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| pixels | show 🗑
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| show | the number of pixels being stored or displayed
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| raster-graphics | show 🗑
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| show | image; Bitmap File; pretty common; not compressed; pixel by pixel file
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| .gif | show 🗑
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| .jpeg | show 🗑
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| show | Portable Network Graphics; highly compressed; more colors and compression than gif; good for small index images
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| logic gate | show 🗑
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| show | act as a wire (conducting electricity) or as a resistor (blocking electricity) depending on the voltage of the signal; act like a switch; made up of semiconductor material
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| show | a combination of logic gates
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| show | when two circuits have the same set of outputs for the same inputs
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| show | adds up two binary bits
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| full-adder | show 🗑
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| show | chooses a path based on an input
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| show | full name for a chip; a bunch of gates tied together
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| solder | show 🗑
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| show | 1-10 gates (MUX)
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| show | 10-100 gates
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| Large Scale Integration (LSI) | show 🗑
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| show | 100,000+ gates
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| show | controls what happens in the computer; directs the slow of everything
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| ALU | show 🗑
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| show | the design/makeup of a computer
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| show | data and instructions can be stored in the same place
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| show | quick access; small amounts of memory
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| buses | show 🗑
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| show | most important IC of computer; brain of computer; usually 2 inch square chip mounted on motherboard along with power control and RAM
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| show | coordinates the computer's activities; runs the fetch-execute cycle
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| Arithmetic Logic Unit | show 🗑
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| registers | show 🗑
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| show | wires carrying signals
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| dual processor | show 🗑
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| microprocessor | show 🗑
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| Graphics Processor Unit (GPU) | show 🗑
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| KB | show 🗑
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| MB | show 🗑
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| show | 10^9 bytes
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| show | 10^12 bytes
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| RAM | show 🗑
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| registers | show 🗑
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| cache | show 🗑
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| Hard Disk Drive (HDD) | show 🗑
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| show | electronic storage; each data cell has an address; faster access speed; can be damaged by power outage
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| show | optical disk; stored and read by laser; data stored in sectors and tracks; speed listed as nX, meaning data transfer is n times faster than a video DVD player
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| show | electrical storage; stable without external power for years; no moving parts=high speed data transfer
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| show | secure digital memory card; electronic storage; small; often used for photos, music, phones, etc.
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| show | generation 1, 2, 3
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| show | usually for audio/visual devices
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| show | connects to display or projector
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| Ethernet | show 🗑
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| show | very fast data transfer; high performance devices
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| show | most monitors are this
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| Light Emitting Diode (LED) | show 🗑
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| Moore's Law | show 🗑
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| planned obsolescence | show 🗑
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| show | time it takes for the arm to move over the right track on a disk
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| show | how long it takes the disk to rotate to the right sector
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| access time | show 🗑
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| show | how long it takes to get from secondary storage to RAM
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| show | primary memory; electronic; no moving parts
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| volatile | show 🗑
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| Read Only Memory (ROM) | show 🗑
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| show | using multiple processors to increase capacity and/or decrease speed; must have some shared access to programs and/or memory
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| synchronous processing | show 🗑
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| pipeline processing | show 🗑
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| show | software to organize, analyze and present data
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| data | show 🗑
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| information | show 🗑
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| show | an application that enables data analysis based on formulas that define relationships among the data
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| dynamic (spreadsheet) | show 🗑
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| show | a formula in one cell references another cell that contains a formula based on the value of the first cell; creates a situation that cannot be resolved
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| show | a structured set of data
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| Database Management Systems (DBMS) | show 🗑
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| physical database | show 🗑
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| show | structure of the data
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| show | program allowing user to enter, search, filter and retrieve the data
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| show | database programming language for managing databases
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| digital libraries | show 🗑
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| show | primary sources of information rather than the secondary sources found in a library; easily reproducible and may have been reduced from elsewhere
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| metadata | show 🗑
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| search engines | show 🗑
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| spider | show 🗑
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| e-Commerce | show 🗑
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| show | looking for patterns in static data collections called data warehouses; seeks to identify previously unknown patterns
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| Class Description | show 🗑
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| Class Discrimination | show 🗑
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| Cluster Analysis | show 🗑
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| show | looks for links between groups
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| Outlier Analysis | show 🗑
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| show | online research materials that are free of tolls and copyright restrictions
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| show | used when an author wants to give people the right to share, use and build work they created
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| US Privacy Act of 1974 | show 🗑
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| show | regulates the use and disclosure of protected health information by health insurers and medical service providers
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| The Family Education Rights and Privacy Act | show 🗑
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| Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (1978) | show 🗑
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| FISA Court | show 🗑
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| show | the study/implementation of computer systems that model and apply the intelligence of the human mind
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| Turing Test | show 🗑
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| show | how we simulate the decision making process; uses different techniques to represent knowledge; semantic networks
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| show | mindmap; used to make decisions
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| show | a structure that represents all of the possible consequences of a decision
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| show | computer systems that embody the knowledge of human experts in a specific field; asks user questions based on set of programmed rules and ultimately renders a decision; uses interference engine to determine how rules are followed
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| Neural Networks | show 🗑
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| Natural Language Processing | show 🗑
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| Robotics | show 🗑
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| models | show 🗑
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| virtual reality (VR) | show 🗑
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| show | superimposes a computer generated environment not he user's view of the real world
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| 2-D Graphics Software | show 🗑
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| Image Processing Software | show 🗑
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| show | a set of polygons that cover the surface of the object
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| show | particles are assigned behavioral formulas to make them move to form a shape
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| show | determining how the objects in a scene graph would appear when projected onto a 2-D projection plane
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| clipping | show 🗑
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| show | process of assigning patches on remaining scene graph to pixels on 2-D image by passing straight lines from camera to objects
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| show | process of discarding points on the scene that are blocked by other points
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| animation | show 🗑
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| show | sequence of 2-D images that tell the story
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| Operating System (OS) | show 🗑
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| Utility Software | show 🗑
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| User Interface | show 🗑
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| Graphical User Interface | show 🗑
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| show | coordinates all of the computer's activities
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| show | scheduling the use of the CPU
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| show | allocates space within RAM for programs and data; OS must move parts of programs in and out of RAM as needed
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| show | moving parts of programs in and out of RAM as needed
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| File Management | show 🗑
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| File Organization | show 🗑
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| show | communicates with peripheral devices
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| bootstrapping | show 🗑
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| algorithm | show 🗑
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| show | generic coding without syntax rules
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| syntax | show 🗑
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| show | name of a memory location used to store a value
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| show | when you get a value from the user it must be assigned to a variable
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| output | show 🗑
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| show | putting decision statements inside other decision statements
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| show | two or more computers connected via communication devices and media
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| show | a collection of networks that link billions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
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| NPL | show 🗑
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| show | US network; nationwide; established in 1969
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| show | French network; nationwide; established in 1973
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| show | oversees research and sets standards and guidelines
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| Internet 2 (I2) | show 🗑
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| show | company that provides access to the Internet to users or subscribers of its service
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| show | very high capacity WANs operated by very large telecom companies
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| show | regional WANs operated by large telecom companies
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| Local Access ISP | show 🗑
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| dial-up access | show 🗑
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| high speed access | show 🗑
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| show | provides high speed Internet connections over regular copper telephone line
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| cable modem | show 🗑
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| show | an information space of the Internet where electronic documents are identified by URL, interlinked by hyperlinks
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| URL | show 🗑
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| show | language of website
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| web browser | show 🗑
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| show | software program that searches for information on the Web; maintains information by running an algorithm on a web crawler
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| show | a bot that constantly browses web sites to update an index
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| show |
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| show | a single building/campus
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| Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) | show 🗑
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| show | cities/countries
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| star topology | show 🗑
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| bus topology | show 🗑
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| hub | show 🗑
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| show | device to connect two bus networks; amplifies signals
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| show | device to connect two bus networks; any signals intended for a computer on the origin side is returned
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| switch | show 🗑
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| show | a computer for connecting incompatible networks
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| twisted-pair wire | show 🗑
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| show | standard cable lines; copper wires surrounded by thick insulation
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| show | fast, accurate, durable; electrons translated into light pulses
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| show | clients make requests; device on network is considered a server and other networks are considered clients; servers satisfy the requests of clients
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| show | devices on network provide service to and receive services from each other; collaboration
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| show | type of network communication; programs that are executed on different computers
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| show | many independent computers work together to provide computating services comparable to a larger computer
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| Grid Computer | show 🗑
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| show | generally owned; huge pools of shared computers can be allocated for use by clients as needed
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| show | additional instances of network devices, equipment and communications mediums are installed within the network infrastructure to ensure network availability in case a device fails or is unavailable
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| show | amount of time a signal takes to traverse a network
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| show | devices distributed throughout a network to monitor environmental conditions like temperature, sound, pressure, etc.
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| show | expansion card to connect to Ethernet
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| Bluetooth | show 🗑
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| bandwidth | show 🗑
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| show | rules that govern electronic communication
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| show | used for most emails
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| show | used for most web pages
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| show | encrypted; supposed to be more secure
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| show | sets up and monitors transmission; manages sending and receiving of packets; makes sure message is divided up properly and addresses with origin and destination IP addresses when sent
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| show | handles transmission of data on the Internet; manages how data travels on the Internet
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| Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) | show 🗑
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| show | current 32-bit IP address format; allows for roughly 4 billion unique addresses
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| IPv6 | show 🗑
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| packet routing | show 🗑
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| show | devices on Internet to keep packets moving; chooses best path to take at each intersection
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| scalable | show 🗑
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| show | have repeated elements
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| show | because of redundancy, networks won't collapse when part of it breaks down
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| show | electronic document; must follow HTTP protocol
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| show | collection of web pages
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| show | collection of related web pages
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| hyperlinks | show 🗑
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| Domain Name System (DNS) | show 🗑
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| show | connect to Internet set up in a hierarchy to store and look up IP addresses
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| DNS Spoofing | show 🗑
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| registrars | show 🗑
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| Top Level Domain (TLD) | show 🗑
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| Sub Domains | show 🗑
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| Uniform Resource Locator (URL) | show 🗑
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| show | stored on browser with information that identifies you; sent to web page so that it will remember you
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| show | programming language used to create documents to be displayed on the Web
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| show | markup codes
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| show | style definitions used in HTML
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| show | programs embedded into an HTML document; executed by the browser
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| show | small pieces of executable code intertwined with traditional HTML content that are executed by the computer hosting the web page
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| show | the protection of data from being leaked
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| confidentiality | show 🗑
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| Data integrity | show 🗑
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| malware | show 🗑
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| virus | show 🗑
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| worms | show 🗑
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| show | enters disguised as harmless program
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| show | collects info about computer activities and reports back to instigator
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| phishing | show 🗑
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| show | overloads a computer with messages to distort activity; to hack a website
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| show | a computer pretending to be another computing by faking its IP address
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| show | unwanted junk email; not generally malicious
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| firewall | show 🗑
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| show | limits access; software between client and server shielding the client from harmful actions of the server
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| show | software to detect and remove viruses and/or spyware
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| spam filter | show 🗑
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| show | controls access to network but not the data once it leaves the network
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| show | fingerprints; retina scans; cards with chips/stripes
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| show | coding and decoding messages so that if they are intercepted they cannot be interpreted
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| Symmetric Encryption | show 🗑
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| public key encryption | show 🗑
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| show | used by HTTPS to ensure website downloading is actually a secure website
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| show | software to verify that a web form is submitted by a human not a machine
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| intellectual property | show 🗑
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| show | the exclusive legal right to print, publish, sell etc. the expression of an idea and authorize others to do the same
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| show | for inventions
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| trademark | show 🗑
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| show | an agency of the United Nations to promote and protect intellectual property
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| show | a 1998 US copyright law intended to protect the rights of both the copyright owners and consumers which as usually in conflict
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| show | license that enables free distribution of copyrighted work; owner sets up rules for sharing of and building upon their work; can apply to any copyrighted material
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| show | license for software that makes the source code available for others to study, change and distribute of any purpose; encourages a collaborative environment
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| Crowd Sourcing | show 🗑
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| show | when professional scientists and people from the general public collaborate on specific studies
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| show | the principle that Internet service providers and governments regulating the Internet should treat all data on the Internet the same, not discriminating or charging differentially
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|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
catherine_alexander
Popular Computers sets