Neurologic Drugs
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| show | sympathetic (adrenergic) & Parasympathetic (Cholinergic)
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| What does Sympathetic nervous system do | show 🗑
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| show | "homeostatic"- brings HR, RR, and blood flow to muscles back to normal levels; returns GI function to normal; constricts pupils to normal size
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| ANS drugs work by: | show 🗑
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| Cholinergic agents clinical uses: | show 🗑
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| show | (direct-parasympathomimetic)- decrease glaucoma associated IOP, treats neurogenic keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes)
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| metoclopramide (Reglan) | show 🗑
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| bethanechol | show 🗑
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| show | (indirect-parasympathomimetic) commonly used as insecticide dips; may result in toxicity if used inappropriately; clinical signs= SLUDD
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| show | salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Digestion, Defecation
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| What are the adverse side effects of Cholinergic agents? | show 🗑
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| What are the clinical uses for anticholinergic drugs? | show 🗑
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| show | drying of secretions and prevention of bradycardia before anesthesia
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| show | preanesthetic to dry respiratory secretions and prevent bradycardia, dilate pupils for examination, emergency drug (fastest onset, less duration than glycopyrrolate),
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| show | preanesthetic to dry respiratory secretions and prevent bradycardia, emergency drug (slower onset and longer duration of action than atropine)
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| show | treat OP intoxication
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| show | (dose related) drowsiness, disorientation, tachycardia, photophobia, constipation, anxiety, burning at injection site
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| show | simulate the action of sympathetic N.S; bring about action at receptors mediated by epi & norepi; classified according to specific receptor types activated (alpha and beta)
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| show | stimulate the heart to beat during cardiac arrest, reverse hypotension and bronchoconstriction of anaphylactic shock, strengthen the heart during CHF, correct hypotension through vasoconstriction, treat urinary incontinence, treat glaucoma
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| how do adrenergic drugs treat glaucoma? | show 🗑
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| show | (sympathomimetic)- stimulates all receptors to cause increase in HR and CO; dilation of blood vessels in muscle; dilation of bronchioles; increase metabolic rate
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| show | (sympathomimetic)- increase blood pressure
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| show | (sympathomimetic)- precursor of epi and norepi; treat shock and CHF; increases renal perfusion
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| phenylpropanolamine | show 🗑
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| show | (sympathomimetic)- short term treatment of heart failure
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| What are the adverse side effects of adrenergic drugs? | show 🗑
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| What do adrenergic blocking agents (antiadrenergics/sympatholytics) do? | show 🗑
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| show | (alpha blocker)-tranquillizer; causes vasodilation
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| show | (alpha blocker)- antidote for xylazine (tranquilizer) toxicity
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| atipamezole (Antisedan) | show 🗑
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| show | hypotension, tachycardia, muscle tremors
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| show | beta blocker; used to treat cardiac arrhythmias an hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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| show | beta blocker; similar to propranolol
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| timolol | show 🗑
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| show | bradycardia, hypotension, worsening heart failure, bronchoconstriction, heart block, syncope
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| show | alter nerve impulses to tranquilize or sedate animals, control pain, induce anesthesia, prevent/control seizures, antagonize/reverse effects of some depressant drugs, stimulate the CNS to treat cardiac/ respiratory depression/arrest, perform euthanasia
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| show | means without sensation
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| general anesthetics | show 🗑
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| show | block nerve transmission in the area of application with no loss of consciousness; uses: nerve blocks, aid in endotracheal tube placement, ease skin irritation
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| inhalant anesthetics | show 🗑
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| show | reversible depression of the CNS, muscle relaxation, slight analgesia, respiratory depression, slight cardiac depression, decreased blood pressure, potentiate cardiac arrhythmias
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| adverse affects of inhalant anesthetics | show 🗑
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| show | measurement of the tendency of a liquid to evaporate
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| blood-gas solubility coefficient | show 🗑
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| show | measurement of the potency of an agent; how much agent is needed to attain surgical anesthesia; high MAC=less potent
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| show | topically to mucous membranes and the cornea, infiltration of a wound or joint, IV with continuous drip, injection around nervous tissue
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| tranquilizers | show 🗑
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| sedatives | show 🗑
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| anti anxiety drugs | show 🗑
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| Purpose of phenothiazine tranquilizers | show 🗑
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| what is a precursor of epinephrine and norepinephrine | show 🗑
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| show | acepromazine, chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine
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| show | profound hypotension (vasodilation), possible hypothermia, lower seizure threshold, protrusion of nictitating membrane, paraphimosis (horses only), bradycardia
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| What do benzodiazepine derivatives do | show 🗑
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| show | diazepam (Valium), midazolam (Versed), alprazolam (Xanax); Schedule IV controlled drugs
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| show | often used with ketamine for anesthesia, used for treatment of in process seizures
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| show | CNS excitement in dogs; overdose may cause excessive CNS depression
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| show | bind to alpha-2 receptors on neurons, reduces production of norepinephrine, absence of norepinephrine causes sedation; used of sedation, preanesthetic, analgesia, emetic in cats
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| show | analgesia, muscle relaxation, decreased response to stimuli
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| dexmedetomidine (Dexdomitor) | show 🗑
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| biphasic BP response | show 🗑
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| show | poor mm color and unreliable peripheral BP measurements
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| show | alpha-2 agonist; sedation, some analgesia, muscle relaxant, emesis (cats); side effects= profound bradycardia, hypotension, hypoventilation, cardiac arrhythmias, increase sensitivity to epinephrine; ruminants are more sensitive; reversal agent= yohimbine
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| show | alpha-2 agonist; used as sedative in horses, produces better analgesia than xylazine
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| show | alpha-2 agonist; used as a sedative and preanesthetic in horses, facilitates handling.
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| barbituates | show 🗑
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| pentobarbital | show 🗑
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| show | barbituate; long acting 8-12 hours; primary use= anticonvulsant; oral and injectable, plasma drug levels must be monitored frequently; schedule IV controlled drug
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| thiopental | show 🗑
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| Euthanasia solutions | show 🗑
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| show | alter neurotrans activity causing depression of thalamus & cerebral cortex; sedation, restraint, analgesia, anesthesia; produce muscle rigidity, respiratory depression, minor cardiac stimulation; ataxic & hyper responsive anesthesia induction & recovery
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| ketamine (Ketaset) | show 🗑
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| tiletamine (Telazol= tiletamine with zolazepam) | show 🗑
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| show | produce analgesia, sedation, and relieve anxiety, does not produce anesthesia; side effects= respiratory depression, excitement if given too rapidly; low doses= antitussive properties; produce effects by action on opiod receptors
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| show | found in pain regulating brain areas
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| opiods: Kappa/Delta | show 🗑
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| show | found in the brain
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| show | morphine, oxymorphone, fentanyl
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| show | buprenorphine (Buprenex), butorphanol (Torbugesic), tramadol
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| show | Mu- partial agonist, Kappa- antagonist; Delta- antagonist (weak)
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| show | Mu- antagonist; Kappa- partial agonist
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| show | Mu-agonist, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
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| opiod antagonists | show 🗑
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| neuroleptanalgesia | show 🗑
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| show | can cause a state of CNS depression and analgesia and may/may not produce unconsciousness, combination products may be prepared by vet; ex: acepromazine + morphine, xylazine + butorphanol
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