Plate Tectonics PMEPP_TM_1118_Aut18
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| show | Outermost layer of the Earth
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| The mantle | show 🗑
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| show | Liquid state, mainly made up of iron.
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| The inner core | show 🗑
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| show | Lies under the continents, thick and is also referred to as sial.
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| show | Lies under oceans. Thinner than continental crust. Made up of heavy rock.
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| show | 1960's. Harry Hess. New rock is formed where plates split apart. Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
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| Continental drift | show 🗑
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| Plates | show 🗑
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| show | Two plates pull apart.
Process: sea-floor spreading.
Landforms: rift valleys, mid ocean ridges, volcanic islands.
Example: Mid Atlantic Ridge, Iceland.
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| Convergent (destructive) plate boundaries | show 🗑
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| Oceanic-Oceanic | show 🗑
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| show | Process: subduction
Landforms: fold mountains, volcanos, ocean trenches
Example: Andes and Rocky mountains
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| show | Process: subduction - crust fractures and buckles upwards.
Landforms: fold mountains
Example: Himalayas and the Alps.
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| Transform (Passive) plate boundaries | show 🗑
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| Types of folds | show 🗑
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| Orogeny | show 🗑
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| Caledonian Orogeny | show 🗑
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| show | When: 250 MYA
Examples: Munster Ridge Valley
African and Eurasian plate collided.
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| show | When 30 MYA
Examples: Alps, Himalayas and Rocky Mountains
Only folding period that did not affect Ireland.
African and Indian plate collided.
Youngest and highest mountain ranges.
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| show | A moving fracture or break in the earths surface. Occurs at a place of weakness.
1. Normal fault - Clew Bay, Mayo.
2. Reverse fault - Pollatomish, Mayo.
3. Tear Fault - San Andres Fault, California.
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| Doming | show 🗑
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| show | Shaking or vibrating of the Earth's crust. Occurs when pressure is suddenly released sending shock waves out from the focus deep in the earths crust. Directly above the epicenter.
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| show | Where the worlds most active volcanoes and earthquakes occur around the Pacific Ocean.
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| Seismographs | show 🗑
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| show | Measures the ground movement caused by and earthquake. Founded by Charles Richter. Logarithmic scale meaning every point is 10 times stronger than the previous,
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| show | Measures the damage caused by an earthquake .
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| Short-term effects | show 🗑
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| Long-term effects. | show 🗑
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| Limiting earthquake damage | show 🗑
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| show | What: 7.8 magnitude earthquake.
When: 25th April 2015 at 11.56
Where: 77km north of the capital Kathmandu. Dangerous shallow focus.
Why: Indian plate overriding the Eurasian plate.
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| show | 8,000 people killed and 10,000 people injured.
Rescue teams could not reach most remote parts.
Small villages ruined.
130,000 buildings and homes destroyed.
Effect on tourism, avalanches on Everest.
3,000 landslides.
Need €1.78 billion to rebuild
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| show | What: 8.9 magnitude earthquake followed by a tsunami.
When: 11 March 2011
Where: 130 km off the east coast of Japan.
Why: Pacific plate sinking beneath the Eurasian plate. Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire.
Edge of the Eurasian plate jolted back upward
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| Japan earthquake effects. | show 🗑
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