clinical assessment
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| what are tracheal breath sounds? | show 🗑
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| what are bronchovescicular breath sounds? | show 🗑
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| show | low pitch, soft intensity and heard in the peripheral lung areas
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| what is stridor? | show 🗑
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| show | breath sounds that are intermittent, crackling, or bubbling on short duration.
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| show | the intensity
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| in a diagram of normal breath sounds, what does the angle represent? | show 🗑
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| show | excessive secretions or fluid in the airways OR collapse airways that are popping open during inspiration
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| in what disease processes can you hear polyphonic wheezing? | show 🗑
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| show | creaking or grating sound (sounds leathery) that occurs when the pleural surfaces become inflamed and the roughened edges rub together during breathing. usually localized to a certain site of the chest wall.
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| what is bronchophony? | show 🗑
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| what does bronchophony indicate? | show 🗑
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| show | sudden opening of peripheral airways
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| when are fine crackles usually heard? | show 🗑
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| what disease processes are fine crackles associated with? | show 🗑
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| what is biot's breathing like and what disease process does it indicate? | show 🗑
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| show | deep and fast, like panting. (metabolic acidosis)
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| what is asthmatic breathing like and what disease process does it indicate? | show 🗑
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| what is cheyne'stokes breathing and what disease process does it indicate? | show 🗑
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| show | long inspiration, like a sigh. (brain stem injury)
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| show | chest wall collapses or moves in while abdomen moves out. associated with respiratory muscle fatigue.
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| what is apnea and what can cause it? | show 🗑
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| show | mid-clavicular line 5th intercostals space
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| show | toward
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| PMI shifts towards/away from pneumothorax? | show 🗑
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| show | Hyperinflation, poor CO
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| what is ascites especially associated with? | show 🗑
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| show | right sided heart failure
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| what is clubbing associated with? | show 🗑
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| show | swelling of lower extremities due to inc in the hydrostatic pressure of the venous system.
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| show | left and right heart failure.
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| show | skin that is white with spots of red
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| show | inadequate perfusion, possible lack of arterial blood flow
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| show | inflammation of soft tissue in the extremity
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| what disease process is cellulitis associated with? | show 🗑
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| show | oxygenation, ventilation, airway management and secretion management
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| what is massive hemoptysis? | show 🗑
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| show | .12 to .20 seconds or 3-5 small boxes
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| show | Atrial Conduction
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| show | Ventricular Conduction
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| what is going on in the heart during the ST segment? | show 🗑
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| show | Repolarization
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| show | mV (volts)
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| show | seconds
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| show | 5 mm or .5 mV
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| on the ECG grid, what does one large horizontal box mean? | show 🗑
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| what is the normal length of a QRS complex? | show 🗑
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| show | Measure the number of R waves or beats in a six second period then multiply by 10
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| what is the block rule in counting heart rate on the ECG? | show 🗑
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| what is the order of heart rate in counting the heart rate for block rule? | show 🗑
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| what happens during supraventricular tachy? | show 🗑
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| what would you give lidocaine for during an arrhythmia? | show 🗑
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| show | potent vasodilator
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| show | consist of large molecules that attract and hold water
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| show | describes how much osmotic pressure is exerted by a solution
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| show | .9%, is isotonic to .9% NaCL solution
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| show | solution more than .9%
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| what does a CBC lab test mean? | show 🗑
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| show | elevation of the WBC count
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| show | WBC count below normal
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| what are common causes of leukopenia? | show 🗑
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| What is normal WBC count? | show 🗑
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| show | 40% to 75%
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| show | 1800 to 7500
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| show | increases due to bacteria infection and trauma, reduced w bone marrow diseases
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| show | 0 to 6%
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| what is the absolute count of eosinophils? | show 🗑
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| what are the causes for an abnormality in eosinophils count? | show 🗑
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| show | 0 to 1%
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| show | 0 to 100
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| show | increased w allergic reactions
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| what is the percentage of monocytes in the WBC count? | show 🗑
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| show | 90-1000
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| what are the causes for an abnormality in monocytes count? | show 🗑
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| what is the percentage of lymphocytes in the WBC count? | show 🗑
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| what is the absolute count of lymphocytes? | show 🗑
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| what are the causes for an abnormality in lymphocytes count? | show 🗑
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| show | elevation of the absolute value of neutrophils
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| what are immature neutrophils referred to as? | show 🗑
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| what are mature neutrophils known as? | show 🗑
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| show | body is fighting a more severe bacterial infection. severe infection causes the bone marrow to release both mature and immature neutrophils
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| what is neutropenia? | show 🗑
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| what can anemia mean? | show 🗑
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| show | significant reduction in the platelet count
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| show | pt will bruise easily and at risk for hemorrhage
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| show | 137-147 mEq/L
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| what is the normal value for potassium? | show 🗑
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| show | 98 to 105
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| show | 25-33
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| what is the normal value for BUN? | show 🗑
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| show | 150-220 mg/l
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| show | 70-105
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| What does the total co2 mean in terms of hco3? | show 🗑
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| show | means elevated co2
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| what does decreased hco3 mean for co2? | show 🗑
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| what are the chloride levels in CF patients? | show 🗑
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| show | adding hco3 and cl values together and subtracting them from Na
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| what does anion gap evaluate? | show 🗑
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| show | 8-16 mEq/l
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| show | a metabolic acidosis is present (esp if over 16)
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| show | BUN and creatinine
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| what will the BUN look like during renal disease? | show 🗑
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| show | .7-1.3 mg/l
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| show | 60-80 mmHg
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| show | 40- 60 mmHg
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| what is range for severe hypoxemia? | show 🗑
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| for adequate oxygenation, there are five requirements: | show 🗑
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| show | shifts it to the right-making oxygen more readily available for delivery to tissues.dec affinity
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| show | shifts to the left- increasing oxygen binding to Hgb and potentially reducing oxygen delivery to tissues. inc affinity
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| show | Lactic acidosis and cyanide poisoning
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| show | Using Dalton’s Law and Alveolar air equation:
(Pb-H2O) X FIO2 - (PaCO2 X RQ)
(760- 47) X .21 - (33 X 1.25)
149.73 – 41.25= 108.48 Alveolar
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| Case study A 47 year old man is seen in the ED Results are : ph 7.47, PaCO2 33, HCO3 20, PaO2 122mmhg. Can this PaO2 be correct? | show 🗑
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| what is a way to treat hyperkalemia? | show 🗑
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| what is the impact of Primary Respiratory Disturbances-Acidosis on dead space? | show 🗑
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| Primary Respiratory Disturbances-Acidosis | show 🗑
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| Primary Respiratory Disturbances- Alkalosis | show 🗑
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| show | muscle weakness/ fatigue, CNS malfunction, and mechanical disadvantage.
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| show | burn patients, septic conditions, fever, and malnutrition.
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| Increased dead space ventilation is frequently seen | show 🗑
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| show | Loss of plasma HCO3.,Increase in nonvolitile acids. ,Evident by plasma HCO3 less than 22 Meq/l. Anion gap is useful in determining acidosis due to a or b.
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| show | diarrhea, decreased renal tubular function renal disease, hyperalimentation nutrition. Normal anion gap.
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| Increased production of fixed acids is seen in conditions like | show 🗑
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| show | Increased levels of plasma HCO3.,Loss of fixed acids.,Evident by plasma HCO3 greater than 26 Meq/l and pH greater than 7.45.,Be aware of compensatory mechanisms, especially in chronic hypoventilation situations
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| what are examples seen that lead to metabolic alkalosis? | show 🗑
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| what type of acid base imbalance is cardiac arrest? | show 🗑
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| show | pH drops quickly below 7.35 with elevated PaCO2 and decreased HCO3.
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| How do you correct cardiac arrest? | show 🗑
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| what is the frequency of Combined respiratory and metabolic alkalosis? | show 🗑
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| what is the apneic threshold? | show 🗑
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| show | refers to the condition in which there is inadequate oxygen at the tissue cells caused by low arterial O2 tension
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| show | -the oxygen tension in the arterial blood is normal but the O2 carrying capacity of the blood is inadequate.
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| Circulatory hypoxia (aka stagnant or hypoperfusion) | show 🗑
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| show | develops in any condition that impairs the ability of tissue cells to utilize oxygen.
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Created by:
blueseas
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