F&E
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na normal level? | 135-145
🗑
|
||||
| K normal level? | 3.5-5
🗑
|
||||
| Ca normal level? | 8.5-10
🗑
|
||||
| Mg normal level? | 1.5-2.5
🗑
|
||||
| P normal level? | 2.5-4.5
🗑
|
||||
| Cl normal level? | 95-105
🗑
|
||||
| S/Sx: poor skin turgor, dry mucosa, HA, decreased salivation, low B/P, N/V, abd cramping, neurologic changes (confusion, change in mental status), seizure | hyponatremia
🗑
|
||||
| -Medical management: water restriction, replacement of [electrolyte] -Nursing management: assessment and prevention, dietary [electrolyte] and fluid intake, identify and monitor at-risk patients, effects of meds (diuretics, lithium) | hyponatremia
🗑
|
||||
| -S/Sx: thirst; elevated temp; dry, swollen tongue; sticky mucosa; neurologic symptoms; restlessness; weakness *thirst may be impaired in elderly or the ill | hypernatremia
🗑
|
||||
| -Medical management: hypotonic electrolyte solution or D5W -Nursing management: assessment and prevention, assess for OTC sources of [electrolyte], offer and encourage fluids to meet pt needs, provide sufficient water with tube feedings | hypernatremia
🗑
|
||||
| Manifestations: fatigue, anorexia, N/V, dysrhythmias, muscle weakness and cramps, paresthesias, glucose intolerance, decreased muscle strength, depressed DTRs | hypokalemia
🗑
|
||||
| -Medical management: increased dietary [electrolyte], [electrolyte] replacement, IV for severe deficit -Nursing management: assessment, severe is life-threatening, monitor ECG and ABGs, dietary [electrolyte], nursing care related to IV [electrolyte] adm | hypokalemia
🗑
|
||||
| Manifestations: cardiac changes and dysrhythmias, muscle weakness with potential respiratory impairment, paresthesias, anxiety, GI manifestations (diarrhea) | hyperkalemia
🗑
|
||||
| Medical management: monitor ECG, limitation of dietary [electrolyte], cation-exchange resin (Kayexalate), IV sodium bicarbonate, IV calcium gluconate, regular insulin and hypertonic dextrose IV, B-2 agonists, dialysis | hyperkalemia
🗑
|
||||
| Nursing management: assessment of serum [electrolyte] levels, mix IVs containing [electrolyte] well, monitor med effects, dietary [electrolyte] restriction/dietary teaching for patients at risk | hyperkalemia
🗑
|
||||
| Manifestations: tetany, circumoral numbness, paresthesias, hyperactive DTRs, Trousseau’s sign, Chovstek's sign, seizures, respiratory symptoms of dyspnea and laryngospasm, abnormal clotting, anxiety | hypocalcemia
🗑
|
||||
| -Medical management: IV of Ca gluconate, Ca and Vit D supplements; diet -Nursing management: assessment, severe is life-threatening, weight-bearing exercises to decrease bone Ca loss, pt teaching r/t diet and meds, and nursing care r/t IV Ca | hypocalcemia
🗑
|
||||
| carpopedal spasm induced by inflating a BP cuff above systolic BP | Trousseau’s sign
🗑
|
||||
| a contraction of the facial muscles creates a response to a light tap over the facial nerve in front of the ear | Chvostek’s sign
🗑
|
||||
| Manifestations: muscle weakness, incoordination, anorexia, constipation, N/V, abd and bone pain, polyuria, thirst, ECG changes (shortened ST segment & QT interval), dysrhythmias | hypercalcemia
🗑
|
||||
| -Medical: treat underlying cause, fluids, furosemide, phosphates, calcitonin, biphosphonates -Nursing: crisis has high mortality, encourage ambulation, fluids of 3-4 L/d, provide fluids containing Na unless contraindicated, fiber for constipation | hypercalcemia
🗑
|
||||
| Manifestations: neuromuscular irritability, muscle weakness, tremors, athetoid movements, ECG changes (flat or inverted T waves, depressed ST, prolonged PR, widened QRS) and dysrhythmias, alterations in mood and LOC | hypomagnesemia
🗑
|
||||
| -Medical management: diet, oral [electrolyte], [electrolyte] sulfate IV -Nursing management: assessment, ensure safety, patient teaching r/t diet, meds, alcohol use, and nursing care related to IV [electrolyte] sulfate | hypomagnesemia
🗑
|
||||
| hypomagnesemia often accompanied by... | hypocalcemia
🗑
|
||||
| _____ common in magnesium-depleted patients (assess ability to swallow with water before administering food or medications) | dysphasia
🗑
|
||||
| Manifestations: flushing, lowered BP, N/V, hypoactive reflexes, drowsiness, muscle weakness, depressed resp, ECG changes (tachycardia-->bradycardia, prolonged PR & QRS, peaked T waves), dysrhythmias | hypermagnesemia
🗑
|
||||
| -Medical management: IV calcium gluconate, loop diuretics, IV NS or LR, hemodialysis -Nursing management: assessment, do not administer medications containing [electrolyte], patient teaching regarding [electrolyte]-containing OTC meds | hypermagnesemia
🗑
|
||||
| Manifestations: neurologic symptoms, confusion, muscle weakness, tissue hypoxia, muscle and bone pain, increased susceptibility to infection | hypophosphatemia
🗑
|
||||
| -Medical management: oral or IV [electrolyte] replacement -Nursing management: assessment, encourage foods high in [electrolyte], gradually introduce calories for malnourished patients receiving parenteral nutrition | hypophosphatemia
🗑
|
||||
| Manifestations: few symptoms; soft-tissue calcifications, symptoms occur due to associated hypocalcemia | hyperphosphatemia
🗑
|
||||
| -Medical: treat underlying disorder, vitamin-D preps, Ca-binding antacids, [electrolyte]-binding gels or antacids, loop diuretics, NS IV, dialysis -Nursing: avoid high-[electrolyte] foods; patient teaching related to diet, [electrolyte]-containing substa | hyperphosphatemia
🗑
|
||||
| Manifestations: agitation, irritability, weakness, hyperexcitability of muscles, dysrhythmias, seizures, coma; occurs with loss of other electrolytes (potassium, sodium) | hypochloremia
🗑
|
||||
| -Medical management: replace [electrolyte] with IV NS or 0.45% NS -Nursing management: assessment, avoid free water, encourage high-[electrolyte] foods, patient teaching related to high-[electrolyte] foods | hypochloremia
🗑
|
||||
| Manifestations: tachypnea, lethargy, weakness, rapid/deep resp, HTN, cognitive changes | hyperchloremia
🗑
|
||||
| -Medical management: restore electrolyte and fluid balance, LR, sodium bicarbonate, diuretics -Nursing management: assessment, patient teaching related to diet and hydration | hyperchloremia
🗑
|
||||
| Normal plasma pH? | 7.35 to 7.45
🗑
|
||||
| Low pH <7.35 Low bicarbonate <22 mEq/L Most commonly due to renal failure | Metabolic Acidosis
🗑
|
||||
| S/Sx: HA, confusion, drowsiness, increased resp rate/depth, decreased BP, decreased cardiac output, dysrhythmias, shock; if decrease is slow, pt may be asymptomatic until bicarb is 15 mEq/L or less | Metabolic Acidosis
🗑
|
||||
| -Correct underlying problem, correct imbalance -Bicarbonate may be administered | Metabolic Acidosis
🗑
|
||||
| High pH >7.45 High bicarbonate >26 mEq/L Most commonly due to vomiting or gastric suction May also be due to medications, especially long-term diuretic use | Metabolic Alkalosis
🗑
|
||||
| -Manifestations: Sx r/t decreased calcium, respiratory depression, tachycardia, symptoms of hypokalemia -Correct underlying disorder, supply chloride to allow excretion of excess bicarbonate, restore fluid volume with sodium chloride solutions | Metabolic Alkalosis
🗑
|
||||
| Low pH <7.35 PaCO2 >45 mm Hg Always due to respiratory problem with inadequate excretion of CO2 | Respiratory Acidosis
🗑
|
||||
| -Symptoms may be suddenly increased HR/RR/BP, mental changes, feeling of fullness in head -Potential increased intracranial pressure -Treatment aimed at improving ventilation | Respiratory Acidosis
🗑
|
||||
| -High pH >7.45 -PaCO2 <35mm Hg -Always due to hyperventilation -Manifestations: lightheadedness, inability to concentrate, numbness and tingling, sometimes loss of consciousness -Correct cause of hyperventilation | Respiratory Alkalosis
🗑
|
||||
| Arterial Blood Gases: normal pH? | 7.35–7.45
🗑
|
||||
| Arterial Blood Gases: normal PaCO2? | 35–45 mm Hg
🗑
|
||||
| Arterial Blood Gases: normal HCO3? | 22–26 mEq/L
🗑
|
||||
| Arterial Blood Gases: normal PaO2? | 80–100 mmHg
🗑
|
||||
| Arterial Blood Gases: normal oxygen saturation? | >94%
🗑
|
||||
| Compensation vs Uncompensation? pH normal, PaCO2 and HCO3 abnormal | full compensation
🗑
|
||||
| Compensation vs Uncompensation? all values abnormal | partial compensation
🗑
|
||||
| Compensation vs Uncompensation? pH & one other value abnormal | uncompensated
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
nurse savage
Popular Nursing sets